SynthesisMedicine2019
Proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Proton pump inhibitors are not associated with an increased risk ofGut microbes · 2025Pooled it
- Guidelines on optimizing the use of proton pump inhibitors: PPI stewardship.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2023Guideline
- Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of fracture in children and young adults: a meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Do proton pump inhibitors prevent Barrett's esophagus progression to high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma? An updated meta-analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Polypharmacy and Malnutrition Management of Elderly Perioperative Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Omeprazole Administration in Preterm Preeclampsia: a Randomized Controlled Trial to Study Its Effect on sFlt-1 (Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1), PlGF (Placental Growth Factor), and ET-1 (Endothelin-1).Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Trial
- Article
- Tacrolimus-Associated Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Arthritis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: An Underrecognized Condition.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Hypomagnesemia: A Clinical and Nutritional Update.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Balancing therapeutic benefits and hidden risks of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice: a narrative review and update.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Clinical Spectrum of Acquired Hypomagnesemia: From Etiology to Therapeutic Approaches.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Older Adult Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Clinical Risks and Best Practices.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Late-onset Complications in a Chronic Proton Pump Inhibitor User: Electrolyte Abnormalities and a Diagnostic Approach.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Surveillance of Corrected QT Interval-Prolonging Medications upon Admission throughout Hospitalization in a Tertiary Care Geriatric Ward.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025Article
- Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract alleviates non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy in rats.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population: a nested case-control study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2024Article
- Magnesium for disease treatment and prevention: emerging mechanisms and opportunities.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious meta-analyses have suggested that there might be an association between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the development of hypomagnesemia, although the conclusions were no definitive.
methodsTo provide an update on this topic, we performed a meta-analysis of all observational studies that examined the association between the use of PPIs and the development of hypomagnesemia. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (January 1970 to June 2018) to identify observational studies that examined the association between the use of PPIs and the incidence and prevalence of hypomagnesemia. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: In the absence of randomized controlled trials, we focused primarily on observational studies, including cross-sectional, case-control, retrospective, and prospective cohort studies. There was no limitation on sample size or study duration. Random-effect models meta-analyses were used to compute pooled unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for binary variables.
resultsSixteen observational studies were identified, including 13 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control studies, and 1 cohort study, with a total of 131,507 patients. The pooled percentage of PPI users was 43.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.0%, 64.0%). Among PPI users, 19.4% (95% CI 13.8%, 26.5%) had hypomagnesemia compared to 13.5% (95% CI 7.9%, 22.2%) among nonusers. By meta-analysis, PPI use was significantly associated with hypomagnesemia, with a pooled unadjusted OR of 1.83 (95% CI 1.26, 2.67; P = .002) and a pooled adjusted OR of 1.71 (95% CI 1.33, 2.19; P < .001). In subgroup analyses, high-dose PPI use was associated with higher odds for hypomagnesemia relative to low-dose PPI use (pooled adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.26, 3.59; P = .005).
conclusionOur findings are in support of the results of the previous meta-analyses. Furthermore, we found a dose-response between the PPI use and development of hypomagnesemia.
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