ReviewPharmacological research2019
Immunobiology and application of toll-like receptor 4 agonists to augment host resistance to infection.
Review in Pharmacological research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lysine Acetyltransferase 6A Drives M1 Macrophage Polarization Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Identification of MTURN as a trained immunity-related biomarker for heart failureFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- [Distribution of pathogenic bacteria in ear canal secretions of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media, changes in levels of IL-8 and TLR4 in ear canal secretions, and their clinical significance].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025Article
- Structural insight into TLR4/MD-2 activation by synthetic LPS mimetics with distinct binding modes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- TLR agonists as adjuvants for viral vaccines: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Cardiolipin's multifaceted role in immune response: a focus on interacting proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- SLC25A33-mediated mitochondrial DNA synthesis plays a critical role in the inflammatory response of M1 macrophages by contributing to mitochondrial ROS and VDAC oligomerization.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Influence of Sulfur Fumigation on Angelicae Dahuricae Radix: Insights from Chemical Profiles, MALDI-MSI and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A synthetic TLR4 agonist significantly increases humoral immune responses and the protective ability of an MDCK-cell-derived inactivated H7N9 vaccine in mice.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- A simplified herbal decoction attenuates myocardial infarction by regulating macrophage metabolic reprogramming and phenotypic differentiation via modulation of the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis.Chinese medicine · 2024Article
- Supplementing Ryegrass Ameliorates Commercial Diet-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis-Associated Spleen Dysfunctions by Gut-Microbiota-Spleen Axis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Adjuvanted Vaccine Induces Functional Antibodies againstVaccines · 2024Article
- Future applications of host direct therapies for infectious disease treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Daeshiho-tang attenuates inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated macrophages by regulating TLR4/MyD88, NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs.Animal microbiome · 2023Article
- A TLR4 agonist liposome formulation effectively stimulates innate immunity and enhances protection from bacterial infection.Innate immunity · 2023Article
- Helixor-M Suppresses Immunostimulatory Activity through TLR4-Dependent NF-κB Pathway in RAW 264.7 Cells.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Potential pharmacologic interventions targeting TLR signaling in placental malaria.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
- Phytochemicals targeting Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) in inflammatory bowel disease.Chinese medicine · 2022Review
- MyD88-dependent signaling drives toll-like receptor-induced trained immunity in macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a threat to critically ill patients, particularly with the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Septic shock carries a mortality of up to ∼40% with no compelling evidence of promising therapy to reduce morbidity or mortality. Septic shock survivors are also prone to nosocomial infections. Treatment with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists have demonstrated significant protection against common nosocomial pathogens in various clinically relevant models of infection and septic shock. TLR4 agonists are derived from a bacteria cell wall or synthesized de novo, and more recently novel small molecule TLR4 agonists have also been developed. TLR4 agonists augment innate immune functions including expansion and recruitment of innate leukocytes to the site of infection. Recent studies demonstrate TLR4-induced leukocyte metabolic reprogramming of cellular metabolism to improve antimicrobial function. Metabolic changes include sustained augmentation of macrophage glycolysis, mitochondrial function, and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux. These findings set the stage for the use of TLR4 agonists as standalone therapeutic agents or antimicrobial adjuncts in patient populations vulnerable to nosocomial infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.