ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2019
The gut microbiota is a major regulator of androgen metabolism in intestinal contents.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential relationship of the gut microbiome with testosterone level in men: a systematic review.PeerJ · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical gastroenterologyPooled it
- Testosterone administration partially modulates gut microbiota responses to severe energy deficit.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Sex-dependent mechanisms in rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota signatures associated with spermatogenic capacity and sperm retrieval outcomes in non-obstructive azoospermia.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of sexual dimorphism and estrous cycle on murineInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Gut bacteria regulate intestinal motor circuits by metabolizing sex hormones.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Microbial reactivation of host androgens directs enteric neuronal regulation of gut motility.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Dietary patterns and testosterone balance: a review of clinical data and perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Links between bone fractures and the gut microbiota.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Article
- Atopic Dermatitis Beyond Cutaneous Inflammation: The Interplay Between Progesterone, Testosterone, Gut Microbiota, and Immune Dysregulation.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Prostate Cancer at the Microbial Crossroads: Illuminating a New Frontier in Precision Medicine.The world journal of men's health · 2026Review
- Intrapartum caesarean delivery and childhood BMI trajectories in relation to the infant gut microbiome in the VDAART prospective birth cohort.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiome-Hormone Interactions and Precision Fermentation in the Prevention of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Inulin Mitigates Reproductive Toxicity from Early Life GenX Exposure in Mice by Inhibiting LPS-TLR4-Mediated Necroptosis: Exploring the Gut-Testis Axis.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and their role in male reproductive health.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Androgens exert important effects both in androgen-responsive tissues and in the intestinal tract. To determine the impact of the gut microbiota (GM) on intestinal androgen metabolism, we measured unconjugated (free) and glucuronidated androgen levels in intestinal contents from the small intestine, with a low bacterial density, and from cecum and colon, with a high bacterial density. Using a specific, sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, we detected high levels of glucuronidated testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in small intestinal content of mice of both sexes, whereas in the distal intestine we observed remarkably high levels of free DHT, exceeding serum levels by >20-fold. Similarly, in young adult men high levels of unconjugated DHT, >70-fold higher than in serum, were detected in feces. In contrast to mice with a normal GM composition, germ-free mice had high levels of glucuronidated T and DHT, but very low free DHT levels, in the distal intestine. These findings demonstrate that the GM is involved in intestinal metabolism and deglucuronidation of DHT and T, resulting in extremely high free levels of the most potent androgen, DHT, in the colonic content of young and healthy mice and men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.