Trial reportMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2019
Effects of perimenopausal transdermal estradiol on self-reported sleep, independent of its effect on vasomotor symptom bother and depressive symptoms.
Trial report in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The short-term effects of estradiol, raloxifene, and a phytoestrogen in women with perimenopausal depression.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Trial
- The 2025 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines - Korean Society of Menopause.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2025Review
- The link between sex hormones and depression over a woman's lifespan (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- Olfactory Dysfunction as a Clinical Marker of Early Glymphatic Failure in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Effectiveness of Tibolone and Combined Hormone Therapy in Relieving Menopausal Insomnia.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Optimizing sleep across the menopausal transition.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2023Article
- Sleep Disturbances Across a Woman's Lifespan: What Is the Role of Reproductive Hormones?Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Review
- Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Women During Menopause Transition and Its Association With Cognitive Function and Serum Estradiol Level.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2020Review
- A Review of the Role of Estrogens in Olfaction, Sleep and Glymphatic Functionality in Relation to Sex Disparity in Alzheimer's Disease.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementiasReview
- Symptoms, Lifetime Duration of Estrogen Exposure, and Ovarian Reserve Among Women Living With HIV: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACObservational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of transdermal estradiol (E2) plus intermittent progesterone (EPT) for improving self-reported sleep in perimenopausal women, after controlling for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) bother and depressive symptoms.
methodsUsing a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 172 healthy women meeting STRAW+10 criteria for being in the menopausal transition or early postmenopause were randomized to 12 months of transdermal E2 (0.1 mg/d) + 200 mg progesterone (12 d every 3 mo) or placebo. Using standard questionnaires, self-reported sleep, depression, and VMS bother were obtained at baseline and bimonthly postrandomization.
resultsControlling for baseline levels, EPT (vs placebo) led to reductions in minutes to fall asleep (estimate = -0.12, P = 0.002) and number of awakenings (estimate = -0.24, P = 0.04) over the 12 months. Controlling for changes in VMS bother and depressive symptoms, EPT still predicted reductions in minutes to fall asleep (estimate = -0.28, P = 0.02) and number of awakenings (estimate = -0.11, P = 0.02) over the 12 months.
conclusionsWe extend existing research by demonstrating that hormone therapy (HT) in subjective sleep cannot be fully explained by improvements in VMS bother or depressive symptoms. Research to examine the mechanism (s) underlying HT's effects on sleep would have public health significance for perimenopausal women and also advance our general understanding of the pathophysiology of impaired sleep.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.