ArticleMedical care2020
Validity of Race and Ethnicity Codes in Medicare Administrative Data Compared With Gold-standard Self-reported Race Collected During Routine Home Health Care Visits.
Article in Medical care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 246 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
246 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Race and Ethnicity Disparities in Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality: the Role of Socioeconomic Status-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Structural interventions that affect racial inequities and their impact on population health outcomes: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Classification of Emergency Diagnosis-Sensitive Conditions Among Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Outcomes for American Indian and Alaska Native Populations With Cancer in Traditional Medicare.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Disparity Considerations in an Alternative Eligibility Criterion for Medicare Medication Therapy Management Programs With Machine Learning.Value in health regional issues · 2026Article
- Enhancing Evidence Generation by Linking Randomized Clinical Trials to Real-World Data: The INVESTED-Medicare Linkage Study.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Prolonged Use of Postoperative Gabapentin After Discharge From a Skilled Nursing Facility.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Medication Adherence Among Medicare Advantage Enrollees With Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The Impact of Race and Physician-Patient Racial Concordance on the Incidence of Inpatient Advance Care Planning.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Observational
- Polypharmacy burden and incident epilepsy among older adults in the United States.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors associated with prolonged use of newly prescribed gabapentinoids in older adults undergoing colorectal surgery.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Comparing Trends in Telemedicine Use and Geographic Disparities in Utilization Among Patients With Cancer in the United States.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- An Observational Study of Post-hip Fracture Outcomes in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in opioid fills following cancer-directed surgery among older and younger Medicare beneficiaries.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Intersectional HIV disparities among transgender Medicare beneficiaries of color.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Machine learning evaluation of racial and ethnic inclusion under alternative cost-based approaches to Medicare Medication Therapy Management eligibility.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Disparities Across Race, Ethnicity, and Rurality Among Surgical Patients.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2026Article
- The Oncology Care Model and Initiation of Systemic Therapy for Cancer.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Post-acute Home Health Services Among Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
186 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMisclassification of Medicare beneficiaries' race/ethnicity in administrative data sources is frequently overlooked and a limitation in health disparities research.
objectiveTo compare the validity of 2 race/ethnicity variables found in Medicare administrative data [enrollment database (EDB) and Research Triangle Institute (RTI) race] against a gold-standard source also available in the Medicare data warehouse: the self-reported race/ethnicity variable on the home health Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS). SUBJECTS: Medicare beneficiaries over the age of 18 who received home health care in 2015 (N=4,243,090). MEASURES: Percent agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and Cohen κ coefficient.
resultsThe EDB and RTI race variable have high validity for black race and low validity for American Indian/Alaskan Native race. Although the RTI race variable has better validity than the EDB race variable for other races, κ values suggest room for future improvements in classification of whites (0.90), Hispanics (0.87), Asian/Pacific Islanders (0.77), and American Indian/Alaskan Natives (0.44). DISCUSSION: The status quo of using "good-enough for government" race/ethnicity variables contained in Medicare administrative data for minority health disparities research can be improved through the use of self-reported race/ethnicity data, available in the Medicare data warehouse. Health services and policy researchers should critically examine the source of race/ethnicity variables used in minority health and health disparities research. Future work to improve the accuracy of Medicare beneficiaries' race/ethnicity data should incorporate and augment the self-reported race/ethnicity data contained in assessment and survey data, available within the Medicare data warehouse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.