ArticleJournal of medical entomology2020
Minimal Duration of Tick Attachment Sufficient for Transmission of Infectious Rickettsia rickettsii (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) by Its Primary Vector Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae): Duration of Rickettsial Reactivation in the Vector Revisited.
Article in Journal of medical entomology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spotted fever group Rickettsia infection kinetics and cutaneous host response during single tick feeding events.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of bacterial host-to-host transmission.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Comparative speed of kill provided by lotilaner (Credelio™), sarolaner (Simparica Trio™), and afoxolaner (NexGard™) to control Amblyomma americanum infestations on dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Two Ectoparasiticides in Preventing the Acquisition ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2022Review
- Evaluating the Clinical and Immune Responses to Spotted Fever Rickettsioses in the Guinea Pig-Tick-Rickettsia System.Current protocols · 2022Article
- Review
- Personal protection measures to prevent tick bites in the United States: Knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2022Review
- Brown Dog Tick (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in American Bison (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Unpacking the intricacies of Rickettsia-vector interactions.Trends in parasitology · 2021Review
- Tick and Tickborne Pathogen Surveillance as a Public Health Tool in the United States.Journal of medical entomology · 2021Review
- Low Risk Perception about Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in an Area Recently Invaded by Ticks in Northwestern Italy.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (CredelioParasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Ticks, Hair Loss, and Non-Clinging Babies: A Novel Tick-Based Hypothesis for the Evolutionary Divergence of Humans and Chimpanzees.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Assessment of the Pathogenicity ofVector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Isolate-Dependent Differences in Clinical, Pathological, and Transcriptional Profiles followingInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- The guinea pig model for tick-borne spotted fever rickettsioses: A second look.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2020Review
- Highlights in Medical Entomology, 2019: Familiar Foes and New Frontiers.Journal of medical entomology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It has been reported that starving ticks do not transmit spotted fever group Rickettsia immediately upon attachment because pathogenic bacteria exist in a dormant, uninfectious state and require time for 'reactivation' before transmission to a susceptible host. To clarify the length of reactivation period, we exposed guinea pigs to bites of Rickettsia rickettsii-infected Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and allowed ticks to remain attached for predetermined time periods from 0 to 48 h. Following removal of attached ticks, salivary glands were immediately tested by PCR, while guinea pigs were observed for 10-12 d post-exposure. Guinea pigs in a control group were subcutaneously inoculated with salivary glands from unfed D. variabilis from the same cohort. In a parallel experiment, skin at the location of tick bite was also excised at the time of tick removal to ascertain dissemination of pathogen from the inoculation site. Animals in every exposure group developed clinical and pathological signs of infection. The severity of rickettsial infection in animals increased with the length of tick attachment, but even attachments for less than 8 h resulted in clinically identifiable infection in some guinea pigs. Guinea pigs inoculated with salivary glands from unfed ticks also became severely ill. Results of our study indicate that R. rickettsii residing in salivary glands of unfed questing ticks does not necessarily require a period of reactivation to precede the salivary transmission and ticks can transmit infectious Rickettsia virtually as soon as they attach to the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.