ArticleScientific reports2019
Variants of the hyoid-larynx complex, with implications for forensic science and consequence for the diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Compression Syndromes of the Stylohyoid Complex: Neural, Arterial, and Venous Phenotypes in a Dynamic Neurovascular Corridor.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Review
- Anatomical variability of the lingual artery: a comprehensive narrative review with clinical and surgical applications.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Review
- Distinguishing true from pseudo-absent styloid process: a case-prompted critical analysis.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Review
- The Stylohyoid Complex: An Update on Its Embryology, Comparative Anatomy and Human Variations.Biology · 2025Review
- Anatomical Reasons for an Impaired Internal Jugular Flow.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Evaluating micro-computed tomography for investigation of the pediatric hyoid-larynx complex.Pediatric radiology · 2025Article
- Conventional and machine learning-based analysis of age, body weight and body height significance in knot position-related thyrohyoid and cervical spine fractures in suicidal hangings.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Enhancing Forensic Diagnostics: Structured Reporting of Post-Mortem CT versus Autopsy for Laryngohyoid Complex Fractures in Strangulation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Lowered hyoid bone overlapping the thyroid cartilage in CT angiograms.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Article
- Comparison of findings identified at traditional invasive autopsy and postmortem computed tomography in suicidal hangings.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Meis2 controls skeletal formation in the hyoid region.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Carotid Endarterectomy Requiring Removal of the Superior Horn of Thyroid Cartilage: Case Report and Literature Review.NMC case report journal · 2021Article
- Anthropological analysis of trauma in throat bone and cartilage: A review.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Thorough anatomic knowledge of the hyoid-larynx complex is necessary for forensic radiologists and ear-nose-throat surgeons, given the many anatomic variations that originate in embryology. In forensics the anomalies must be distinguished from fractures because the latter are indicative of violence on the neck. In this manuscript we describe the anatomical variations that can be found in the hyoid-larynx complex and explain their etiology. 284 radiological scans of excised hyoid-larynx complexes were examined with X-ray and CT. Some rare cases from literature and historical collections were added. Two third of the examined hyoid-larynx complexes deviated from the anatomical standard and showed uni- or bilateral ankylosis in the hyoid bone and/or so-called triticeal cartilages. In one fifth of the cases we found striking anatomical variants, mostly derived from the cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch. Anatomical variations of the hyoid-larynx complex can be explained by embryological development. The aberrant hyoid apparatus and the elongated styloid processes (Eagle syndrome) should be considered as one clinical entity with two different expressions as both anomalies are derived from the cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch. Several variants can mimic fractures in this region, so our study is important for radiologists and forensic experts assessing cases of possible violence on the neck.
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