ArticleScientific reports2019
Metabolic Activation of Flavin Monooxygenase-mediated Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Formation in Experimental Kidney Disease.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Rifaximin Therapy for Lowering Gut-Derived Cardiovascular Toxins and Inflammation in CKD.Kidney360 · 2020Trial
- TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Adipocyte FMO3-derived TMAO induces WAT dysfunction and metabolic disorders by promoting inflammasome activation in ageing.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of trimethylamine N-oxide in disease pathogenesis and the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Treatment with Gac Fruit Extract and Probiotics Reduces Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Chronic Kidney Disease Rats.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The dietary source of trimethylamine N-oxide and clinical outcomes: an unexpected liaison.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Elevated serum trimethylamine oxide levels as potential biomarker for diabetic kidney disease.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- The role of gut-dependent molecule trimethylamine N-oxide as a novel target for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.International urology and nephrology · 2023Review
- From heart failure and kidney dysfunction to cardiorenal syndrome: TMAO may be a bridge.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- [Gut-derived uremic toxin trimethylamine-N-oxide in cardiovascular disease under end-stage renal disease: an injury mechanism and therapeutic target].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2022Review
- Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Protects INS-1 β-Cell and Rat Islet Function under Diabetic Glucolipotoxic Conditions.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- The Accumulation and Molecular Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Metabolic Tissues: It's Not All Bad.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Review
- Trimethylamine-American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients despite treatment of traditional risk factors, suggesting that non-traditional CVD risk factors are involved. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) correlates with atherosclerosis burden in CKD patients and may be a non-traditional CVD risk factor. Serum TMAO concentrations are significantly increased in CKD patients, which may be due in part to increased hepatic flavin monooxygenase (FMO)-mediated TMAO formation. The objective of this work was to elucidate the mechanism of increased FMO activity in CKD. In this study, FMO enzyme activity experiments were conducted in vitro with liver microsomes isolated from experimental CKD and control rats. Trimethylamine was used as a probe substrate to assess FMO activity. The FMO activator octylamine and human uremic serum were evaluated. FMO gene and protein expression were also determined. FMO-mediated TMAO formation was increased in CKD versus control. Although gene and protein expression of FMO were not changed, metabolic activation elicited by octylamine and human uremic serum increased FMO-mediated TMAO formation. The findings suggest that metabolic activation of FMO-mediated TMAO formation is a novel mechanism that contributes to increased TMAO formation in CKD and represents a therapeutic target to reduce TMAO exposure and CVD.
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Registered trials
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