ArticleBMJ open2019
Relations of magnesium intake to cognitive impairment and dementia among participants in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00685009 (Women's Health Initiative Memory Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Magnesium and Cognitive Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary magnesium intake and dementia risk in community-dwelling people aged 40-74 years: an 8-year cohort study.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Low dietary quality in patients with COPD and the association with disease severity: A cross-sectional study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- The Associations of Dietary Copper and Magnesium Intake, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and Systemic Inflammation Response Index with Stroke Risk in the ElderlyBalkan medical journal · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Magnesium in Depression, Migraine, Alzheimer's Disease, and Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of magnesium intake and cognition in the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Using three statistical methods to analyze the associations between a mixture of multi-nutrients and risk of mild cognitive impairment in an elderly population in Northern China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- High Blood Pressure and Impaired Brain Health: Investigating the Neuroprotective Potential of Magnesium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Brain of miyoshi myopathy/dysferlinopathy patients presents with structural and metabolic anomalies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- U-shaped association of serum magnesium with mild cognitive impairment among hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study.Renal failure · 2023Observational
- Association between Mineral Intake and Cognition Evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Dietary magnesium intake is related to larger brain volumes and lower white matter lesions with notable sex differences.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Nutrients and Dementia: Prospective Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Therapeutic Effect of Magnesium-L-Threonate Supplementation for Persistent Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between magnesium intake and cognition in US older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2014.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2022Article
- Dietary calcium and magnesium intake and risk for incident dementia: The Shanghai Aging Study.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2022Article
- Higher Habitual Nuts Consumption Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function among Qatari Adults.Nutrients · 2021Article
- The Effect and Mechanism of Cholesterol and Vitamin BFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the associations of dietary and supplemental magnesium (Mg) as assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with cognitive outcomes among ageing women.
designThis work conducts a prospective cohort study of participants enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), which was subsequently extended and named WHIMS-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health.
settingForty clinical centres in the USA.
participantsPostmenopausal women aged 65-79 years without dementia on enrolment.
main outcome measuresPhysician-adjudicated mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or probable dementia (PD).
resultsParticipants were excluded (n=1006) if they had extreme values of dietary energy intake, had missing or extreme body mass index values, with prevalent MCI/PD at baseline, received only one cognitive assessment or had been followed up for <1 year. During >20 years of follow-up, 765 (11.8%) out of 6473 participants developed MCI/PD. For MCI/PD and MCI, the risks tended to be lower among participants in quintiles Q2-Q5 of Mg consumption compared with those in the lowest quintile. Participants in Q3 had a significantly lower risk of MCI/PD (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.91) and MCI (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87) after multivariate adjustments. No significant association was observed between total Mg intake and PD. The association between total Mg intake, MCI/PD and MCI was non-linear as suggested by the likelihood test.
conclusionsTotal Mg intake between the estimated average requirement and the recommended dietary allowances may associate with a lower risk of MCI/PD and MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00685009.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.