ReviewJournal of biomedical science2019
Beyond defense: regulation of neuronal morphogenesis and brain functions via Toll-like receptors.
Review in Journal of biomedical science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in neuroinflammation: From acute hemorrhagic stroke to chronic neurodegeneration.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Oligodendroglia as Active Immunomodulators in Demyelinating Diseases.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- MicroRNA-29a-5p contributes to neuroinflammation through TLR7.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of TNF and TLR2 genes with blood parameter levels in Mexican patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Review
- Molecular and Functional Analysis of TLR 1, 2 and 6 in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- From sensation to regulation: the diverse functions of peripheral sensory nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A neurotrophin functioning with a Toll regulates structural plasticity in a dopaminergic circuit.eLife · 2024Article
- Modeling extrahepatic hepatitis E virus infection in induced human primary neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Does the kynurenine pathway play a pathogenic role in autism spectrum disorder?Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics sheds new light on the convergent evolution of infrared vision in snakes.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor 7: A novel neuroimmune target to reduce excessive alcohol consumption.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Reactive astrocytes secrete the chaperone HSPB1 to mediate neuroprotection.Science advances · 2024Article
- Phytocannabinoids as Potential Multitargeting Neuroprotectants in Alzheimer's Disease.Current drug research reviews · 2024Review
- Differential regulation of innate immune system in frontal cortex and hippocampus in a "double-hit" neurodevelopmental model in rats.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptors as a missing link in Notch signaling cascade during neurodevelopment.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- TLR7 promotes smoke-induced experimental lung damage through the activity of mast cell tryptase.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia-A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Immunostaining patterns reveal potential morphogenetic role of Toll-like receptors 4 and 7 in the development of mouse respiratory system, liver and pancreas.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well known as critical pattern recognition receptors that trigger innate immune responses. In addition, TLRs are expressed in neurons and may act as the gears in the neuronal detection/alarm system for making good connections. As neuronal differentiation and circuit formation take place along with programmed cell death, neurons face the challenge of connecting with appropriate targets while avoiding dying or dead neurons. Activation of neuronal TLR3, TLR7 and TLR8 with nucleic acids negatively modulates neurite outgrowth and alters synapse formation in a cell-autonomous manner. It consequently influences neural connectivity and brain function and leads to deficits related to neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, neuronal TLR activation does not simply duplicate the downstream signal pathways and effectors of classical innate immune responses. The differences in spatial and temporal expression of TLRs and their ligands likely account for the diverse signaling pathways of neuronal TLRs. In conclusion, the accumulated evidence strengthens the idea that the innate immune system of neurons serves as an alarm system that responds to exogenous pathogens as well as intrinsic danger signals and fine-tune developmental processes of neurons.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.