ArticlePharmaceutics2019
Classification of WHO Essential Oral Medicines for Children Applying a Provisional Pediatric Biopharmaceutics Classification System.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of a Pediatric Relative Bioavailability/Bioequivalence Database and Identification of Putative Risk Factors Associated With Evaluation of Pediatric Oral Products.The AAPS journal · 2021Pooled it
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- Ligand decorated nanostructure carrier systems for targeted delivery of antimalarials.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Exploring Gallium(III) Complexes as Emerging Therapeutic Candidates for Breast Cancer.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Formulation and Evaluation of Polysaccharide Microparticles for the Controlled Release of Propranolol Hydrochloride.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Amorphization of Low Soluble Drug with Amino Acids to Improve Its Therapeutic Efficacy: a State-of-Art-Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Review
- Quantification of Fluid Volume and Distribution in the Paediatric Colon via Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Nano-fats for bugs: the benefits of lipid nanoparticles for antimicrobial therapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Oral delivery of peptide therapeutics in infants: Challenges and opportunities.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Paediatric Formulation: Design and Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Insights on Ultrafiltration-Based Separation for the Purification and Quantification of Methotrexate in Nanocarriers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Multi-Methodological Quantitative Taste Assessment of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs to Support the Development of Palatable Paediatric Dosage Forms.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Availability of Authorizations from EMA and FDA for Age-Appropriate Medicines Contained in the WHO Essential Medicines List for Children 2019.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Stability Study of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Oral Solutions Using Hydroxypropyl-Β-Cyclodextrin to Treat Tuberculosis in Paediatrics.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective was using the Essential Medicines List for children by the World Health Organization (WHO) to create a pediatric biopharmaceutics classification system (pBCS) of the oral drugs included in the Essential Medicines List by the World Health Organization and to compare our results with the BCS for adults (aBCS). Several methods to estimate the oral drug dose in different pediatric groups were used to calculate dose number (Do) and solubility (high/low). The estimation of the gastrointestinal water volume was adapted to each pediatric group. Provisional permeability classification was done by comparison of each drug lipophilicity versus metoprolol as the model drug of high permeability. As a result, 24.5% of the included drugs moved from the favorable to unfavorable class (i.e., from high to low solubility). Observed changes point out potential differences in product performance in pediatrics compared to adults, due to changes in the limiting factors for absorption. BCS Class Changes 1 to 2 or 3 to 4 are indicative of drugs that could be more sensitive to the choice of appropriate excipient in the development process. Validating a pBCS for each age group would provide a valuable tool to apply in specific pediatric formulation design by reducing time and costs and avoiding unnecessary pediatric experiments restricted due to ethical reasons. Additionally, pBCS could minimize the associated risks to the use of adult medicines or pharmaceutical compound formulations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.