ArticleMicroorganisms2019
Inflammatory Immune Responses in Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Dynamics and Association with the Outcome of the Disease.
Article in Microorganisms, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Anti-Tick-Bourne Encephalitis IgM Intrathecal Synthesis as a Prediction Marker in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Patients.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Flaviviruses-Induced Neurological Sequelae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Inapparent Tick-Borne Orthoflavivirus Infection inVaccines · 2023Article
- Activation of Early Proinflammatory Responses by TBEV NS1 Varies between the Strains of Various Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Comparison of laboratory and immune characteristics of the initial and second phase of tick-borne encephalitis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Post-viral fatigue in COVID-19: A review of symptom assessment methods, mental, cognitive, and physical impairment.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Increased peripheral inflammatory responses in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease and aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Selected Biomarkers of Tick-Borne Encephalitis: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Immune Characteristics of the Monophasic and Biphasic Course of Tick-Borne Encephalitis.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Insights into the molecular basis of tick-borne encephalitis from multiplatform metabolomics.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Serum Metabolomics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Based on Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
- Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Findings in Patients with Toscana Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia: Report of Three Cases.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Information on the association of inflammatory immune responses and disease outcome after tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is limited. In the present study, we assessed the levels of 24 cytokines/chemokines associated with innate and adaptive immune responses in matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 81 patients at first visit, and in serum at follow-up time points. Serum levels of several cytokines/chemokines obtained during the meningoencephalitic phase of TBE differed compared to the levels at a follow-up visit 2 months later; several significant differences were also found in cytokine/chemokine levels in serum at 2 months compared to the last time point, 2-7 years after acute illness. Cytokines/chemokines levels in CSF or serum obtained at the time of acute illness or serum levels obtained 2 months after the onset of TBE did not have predictive value for an unfavorable outcome 2-7 years later. In contrast, serum levels of mediators associated with Th17 responses were lower in patients with unfavorable outcome whereas those associated with other adaptive or innate immune responses were higher at the last visit in those with an unfavorable outcome. These findings provide new insights into the immunopathogenesis of TBE and implicate inflammatory immune responses with post-encephalitic syndrome years after the initial infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.