ArticleBiology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation2020
Azithromycin Use and Increased Cancer Risk among Patients with Bronchiolitis Obliterans after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
Article in Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Taiwan consensus on pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease: A joint statement from the Taiwan Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (TBMT) and Taiwan Society of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (TSPCCM).British journal of haematology · 2025Guideline
- Effect of azithromycin on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in posttransplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- [Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease (2026)].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2026Article
- Bronchiectasis in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Article
- Long-Term Macrolides in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Dusk or a New Dawn? A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- [Strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2025Review
- Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Consortium RESILIENT Conference on Pediatric Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Survivorship after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Part II. Organ Dysfunction and Immune Reconstitution Considerations for Children with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Article
- Time to Rethink Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Following Lung or Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Macrolide antibiotics activate the integrated stress response and promote tumor proliferation.Cell stress · 2023Article
- Diet-derived metabolites and mucus link the gut microbiome to fever after cytotoxic cancer treatment.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current management and future directions.ERJ open research · 2022Review
- [Chinese consensus on diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2022)].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2022Article
- A Gut Instinct on Leukaemia: A New Mechanistic Hypothesis for Microbiota-Immune Crosstalk in Disease Progression and Relapse.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Airway disease in hematologic malignancies.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2022Review
- Noninfectious complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2021Article
- National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: IV. The 2020 Highly morbid forms report.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2021Article
- National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: IIb. The 2020 Preemptive Therapy Working Group Report.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2021Article
- Risk of relapse in patients receiving azithromycin after allogeneic HSCT.Bone marrow transplantation · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Azithromycin exposure during the early phase of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been associated with an increased incidence of hematologic relapse. We assessed the impact of azithromycin exposure on the occurrence of relapse or new subsequent neoplasm (SN) in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after HCT who are commonly treated with azithromycin alone or in combination with other agents. In a retrospective study of patients with BOS from 2 large allograft centers, the effect of azithromycin exposure on the risk of relapse or SN was estimated from a Cox model with a time-dependent variable for treatment initiation. The Cox model was adjusted on time-fixed covariates measured at cohort entry, selected for their potential prognostic value. Similar models were used to assess the exposure effect on the cause-specific hazard of relapse, SN, and death free of those events. Sensitivity analyses were performed using propensity score matching. Among 316 patients, 227 (71.8%) were exposed to azithromycin after BOS diagnosis. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratio (HR) in patients exposed to azithromycin versus unexposed was 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 2.55) for relapse or SN, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.37 to 1.83) for relapse, and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.99) for SN. Patients exposed to azithromycin had a significantly lower cause-specific hazard of death free of neoplasm and relapse (adjusted HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.89). In conclusion, exposure to azithromycin after BOS after HCT was associated with an increased risk of SN but not relapse.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.