ReviewJournal of molecular biology2020
Telomere and Subtelomere R-loops and Antigenic Variation in Trypanosomes.
Review in Journal of molecular biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Identification of an active RNAi pathway inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Unwrap RAP1's Mystery at Kinetoplastid Telomeres.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Immunoprecipitation of RNA-DNA hybrid interacting proteins in Trypanosoma brucei reveals conserved and novel activities, including in the control of surface antigen expression needed for immune evasion by antigenic variation.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Fungal antigenic variation using mosaicism and reassortment of subtelomeric genes' repertoires.Nature communications · 2023Article
- UMSBP2 is chromatin remodeler that functions in regulation of gene expression and suppression of antigenic variation in trypanosomes.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- The ElusivePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Proteomic analysis defines the interactome of telomerase in the protozoan parasite,Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Current Status of Epitranscriptomic Marks Affecting lncRNA Structures and Functions.Non-coding RNA · 2022Review
- POLIE suppresses telomerase-mediated telomere G-strand extension and helps ensure proper telomere C-strand synthesis in trypanosomes.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Genetic and immunological basis of human African trypanosomiasis.Current opinion in immunology · 2021Review
- A nuclear enterprise: zooming in on nuclear organization and gene expression control in the African trypanosome.Parasitology · 2021Review
- Regulation of Antigenic Variation byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- TbTRF suppresses the TERRA level and regulates the cell cycle-dependent TERRA foci number with a TERRA binding activity in its C-terminal Myb domain.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Keeping Balance Between Genetic Stability and Plasticity at the Telomere and Subtelomere ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Read, Write, Adapt: Challenges and Opportunities during Kinetoplastid Genome Replication.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2021Review
- Article
- An Evolutionary View ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei is a kinetoplastid parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis, which is fatal if left untreated. T. brucei regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG, to evade the host immune responses. VSGs are exclusively expressed from subtelomeric expression sites (ESs) where VSG genes are flanked by upstream 70 bp repeats and downstream telomeric repeats. The telomere downstream of the active VSG is transcribed into a long-noncoding RNA (TERRA), which forms RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) with the telomeric DNA. At an elevated level, telomere R-loops cause more telomeric and subtelomeric double-strand breaks (DSBs) and increase VSG switching rate. In addition, stabilized R-loops are observed at the 70 bp repeats and immediately downstream of ES-linked VSGs in RNase H defective cells, which also have an increased amount of subtelomeric DSBs and more frequent VSG switching. Although subtelomere plasticity is expected to be beneficial to antigenic variation, severe defects in subtelomere integrity and stability increase cell lethality. Therefore, regulation of the telomere and 70 bp repeat R-loop levels is important for the balance between antigenic variation and cell fitness in T. brucei. In addition, the high level of the active ES transcription favors accumulation of R-loops at the telomere and 70 bp repeats, providing an intrinsic mechanism for local DSB formation, which is a strong inducer of VSG switching.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.