SynthesisHIV medicine2020
HIV testing strategies outside of health care settings in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA): a systematic review to inform European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidance.
Synthesis in HIV medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Homelessness, unstable housing, and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Pooled it
- HIV Seroprevalence and Screening Practices Among Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Single-Center Study From Türkiye.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2026Article
- High Uptake of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Recruited via Geosocial Networking Applications and Community Outreach in Paris, France.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Advancing HIV Diagnostics: Comparative Evaluation of Multisure HIV-1/2 Rapid Confirmatory Test Against Geenius and Traditional Reference Assays Within a CDC-Aligned Diagnostic Framework.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Community-Based Rapid Testing for HIV in Europe and Central Asia: A Narrative Review of Models, Effectiveness, and Implementation Challenges.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Avoiding the cost of complacency: barriers and solutions to ending the HIV epidemic in Europe.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- [Impact of a national policy change on rapid diagnostic testing for HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis by lay providers in community-based organisations and local public health centres: a cross-sectional study].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Article
- Strategies to Minimize Time From HIV Acquisition to ART Initiation: The Barcelona Early-cART Program.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characterising HIV-Indicator conditions among two nationwide long-term cohorts of people living with HIV in Germany (1999-2023).Infection · 2025Observational
- Identifying barriers and facilitators to psychosocial care for people living with HIV in Ireland: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2025Article
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- Prevalence, characteristics and challenges of late HIV diagnosis in Germany: an expert narrative review.Infection · 2023Review
- Community-based HIV testing through a general health check event in a high HIV-prevalent multicultural area in Rotterdam, The Netherlands: a pilot study on feasibility and acceptance.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-based testing for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the WHO European Region, March to August 2020.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Opt-in HIV testing in construction workplaces: an exploration of its suitability, using the socioecological framework.BMC public health · 2022Article
- "Testing Can Be Done Anywhere": A Qualitative Assessment of Targeted Community-Based Point-of-Care Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV in Lusaka, Zambia.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
- Digital technology and HIV, HCV and STI voluntary counselling and testing: good practice example from Croatia.Central European journal of public health · 2022Article
- Approaches to STI Prevention and Control in a Highly Decentralized State: An Integrative Review.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Review
- Factors related to HIV testing frequency in MSM based on the 2011-2018 survey in Tianjin, China: a hint for risk reduction strategy.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIn recent years, new technologies and new approaches to scale up HIV testing have emerged. The objective of this paper was to synthesize the body of recent evidence on strategies aimed at increasing the uptake and coverage of HIV testing outside of health care settings in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA).
methodsSystematic searches to identify studies describing effective HIV testing interventions and barriers to testing were run in five databases (2010-2017) with no language restrictions; the grey literature was searched for similar unpublished studies (2014-2017). Study selection, data extraction and critical appraisal were performed by two independent reviewers following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
resultsEighty studies on HIV testing in non-health care settings were identified, the majority set in Northern Europe. Testing was implemented in 65 studies, with men who have sex with men the risk group most often targeted. Testing coverage and positivity/reactivity rates varied widely by setting and population group. However, testing in community and outreach settings was effective at reaching people who had never previously been tested and acceptability of HIV testing, particularly rapid testing, outside of health care settings was found to be high. Other interventions aimed to increase HIV testing identified were: campaigns (n = 8), communication technologies (n = 2), education (n = 3) and community networking (n = 1).
conclusionsThis review has identified several strategies with potential to achieve high HIV testing coverage outside of health care settings. However, the geographical spread of studies was limited, and few intervention studies reported before and after data, making it difficult to evaluate the impact of interventions on test coverage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.