ReviewFrontiers in oncology2019
The Controversial Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Gynecological Malignancies.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Positivity Rate of PD-L1 Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Vulvar Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating Nuclear Levels of PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Western Blotting.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Assessment of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 Immune Checkpoints Pathway in Endometrial Cancer and Its Clinical Significance.Cancers · 2025Article
- CAR-NK, a Splendid Strategy for Cancer, Especially for Gynecologic Tumor.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Role of CD28Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- IFNγ-Induced Bcl3, PD-L1 and IL-8 Signaling in Ovarian Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance.Cancers · 2024Review
- Frontiers and future of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Linking tumor immune infiltrate and systemic immune mediators to treatment response and prognosis in advanced cervical cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Understanding immune checkpoints and PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune resistance towards tumour immunotherapy.3 Biotech · 2023Review
- Article
- Identification ofTranslational cancer research · 2023Article
- Stress hormones are associated with inflammatory cytokines and attenuation of T-cell function in the ascites from patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- The Dual Blockade of the TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway as a New Hope for Ovarian Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2022Review
- LILRB4, an immune checkpoint on myeloid cells.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2022Review
- Can circulating PD-1, PD-L1, BTN3A1, pan-BTN3As, BTN2A1 and BTLA levels enhance prognostic power of CA125 in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer?Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Clinical and Prognostic Value of Antigen-Presenting Cells with PD-L1/PD-L2 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Differential Characteristics and Prognosis of PD-L1-Positive Endometrial Carcinomas: A Retrospective Chart Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Conversation with Tumor Cells in Endometrial Cancers: A Partner in Crime.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy and Personalized Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Increased PD-1 Level in Severe Cervical Injury Is Associated With the Rare Programmed Cell Death 1 (Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1, CD279) receptor with its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274, B7-H1), and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2, CD273, B7-DC), are the key players of one of the immune checkpoint pathways inhibiting T-cell activation. PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in different cancer cells and their microenvironment, including infiltrating immune cells. However, their prognostic value is still debated and their role in the tumor microenvironment has not been fully elucidated yet. Considering the importance that cancer immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies gained in several tumor types, in this review article we aim to discuss the role of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 axis in gynecological cancers. PD-1 ligands have been detected in ovarian, cervical, vulvar and uterine cancers, and correlation with prognosis seems dependent from their distribution. About PD-L2, very few reports are available so far in gynecological malignancies, and its role is still not completely understood. Clinical trials using anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies, but not anti-PD-L2, are currently ongoing, in all types of gynecological cancers. They have shown good safety profiles in a certain cohort of patients, but response rates remain low and many aspects remain controversial. In this review, we propose possible solutions to enhance the clinical efficacy of PD-1 axis targeting therapies. Regarding PD-L2, it might be useful to better clarify its role in order to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy in female malignancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.