ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
The Rise of NK Cell Checkpoints as Promising Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles reprogram cellular human immunity to enhance tumor cytotoxicity.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy Landscape of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Targeting the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Precision Fc remodeling via glycosylation-competent CHO display enables ultra-selective FcγRIIIa targeting and enhanced antitumor activity.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Orchestrating T and NK cells for tumor immunotherapy via NKG2A-targeted delivery of a de novo designed IL-2Rβγ agonist.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Review
- Monitoring Response to Combinatorial Immunotherapies by Tracking both T Cells and Natural Killer CellsACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Expanding the frontier of CAR therapy: comparative insights into CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-M, and CAR-DC approaches.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- CD49aBritish journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Natural killer cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Overcoming Immune Barriers in Allogeneic CAR-NK Therapy: From Multiplex Gene Editing to AI-Driven Precision Design.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy of chimeric antigen receptor NK cells: status and its promising future.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy for solid tumors: mechanisms, clinical progress, and strategies to overcome the tumor microenvironment.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Review
- CAR-NK cell for gynecological cancers: immune microenvironment remodeling and immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting innate and adaptive immunity to suppress lung cancer metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cross-talk of mFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy for advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: current strategies and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Natural Killer Cell Immune Checkpoints and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Cancer Treatment.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- CAR-NK cells for gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy of Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- The role of exhausted natural killer cells in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of leukemia.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Checkpoint immunotherapy that targets inhibitory receptors of T cells, thereby reversing the functional exhaustion of T cells, marks a breakthrough in anticancer therapy. The success of T cell-directed checkpoint inhibitors of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 has opened a new approach for cancer immunotherapy and resulted in extensive research on immune checkpoints. However, it is only in recent years that research on NK cell exhaustion and potential checkpoints impacting NK cells has become popular. NK cells, as the major player in innate immunity, are critical for immune surveillance, particularly the control of metastasis and hematological cancers. The balance between activating and inhibitory signals fine tunes the activation and effector functions of NK cells, and transformed cells modulate NK cells by upregulating negative signaling that "exhausts" NK cells. Exhausted NK cells with excessive expression of inhibitory receptors (checkpoint molecules) are impaired in the recognition of tumor cells as well as antitumor cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Therefore, an understanding of the potential checkpoint molecules involved in NK cell exhaustion is particularly important in terms of NK cell-targeted cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in NK cell checkpoint inhibitors and their progress in clinical trials. Moreover, we highlight some of the latest findings in fundamental NK cell receptor biology and propose potential NK cell checkpoint molecules for future immunotherapeutic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.