ArticleFrontiers in psychology2019
What Is Meditation? Proposing an Empirically Derived Classification System.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prenatal attachment interventions: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review on the effectiveness of unstandardized mindfulness interventions in improving dietary and physical activity outcomes in healthy adults.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analytical review of the impact of mindfulness on creativity: Framing current lines of research and defining moderator variables.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2023Pooled it
- How Does Meditation Affect the Default Mode Network: A Systematic Review.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review for the Medical Applications of Meditation in Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring the Effects of Meditation Techniques Used by Mindfulness-Based Programs on the Cognitive, Social-Emotional, and Academic Skills of Children: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of mindfulness breathing meditation on stress and cognitive functions: a heart rate variability and eye-tracking study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Self-administered mindfulness interventions reduce stress in a large, randomized controlled multi-site study.Nature human behaviour · 2024Trial
- Daily breath-based mindfulness exercises in a randomized controlled trial improve primary school children's performance in arithmetic.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics-An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind-Body Treatments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Good vibrations: Sternal vibration enhances white matter density and interoceptive awareness.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Mind-wandering dynamics during individual vs. group mindfulness meditation.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Bridging brain and body: a 3R framework for real-time self-regulation strategies in sport.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Good vibrations: Sternal vibration enhances white matter density and interoceptive awareness.Research square · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of meditation use in Australia and New Zealand: results from a nationally representative survey.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Using Digital Technology to Increase Integration of Meditation into Daily Life: The Case for Meditation-Based Ecological Momentary Interventions.Journal of technology in behavioral science · 2025Article
- ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide Consortium for Neuroscientific Investigations of Meditation Practices.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Review
- Buddha image meditation is a potent predictor for mental health outcomes: A cross-sectional study among Thai high-school students.PloS one · 2025Article
- How static and kinetic meditation, with or without guidance, affect autonomic nervous system activity in novice meditators.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Music mindfulness acutely modulates autonomic activity and improves psychological state in anxiety and depression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Meditation is an umbrella term, which subsumes a huge number of diverse practices. It is still unclear how these practices can be classified in a reasonable way. Earlier proposals have struggled to do justice to the diversity of meditation techniques. To help in solving this issue, we used a novel bottom-up procedure to develop a comprehensive classification system for meditation techniques. In previous studies, we reduced 309 initially identified techniques to the 20 most popular ones. In the present study, 100 experienced meditators were asked to rate the similarity of the selected 20 techniques. Using multidimensional scaling, we found two orthogonal dimensions along which meditation techniques could be classified:
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.