ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2019
Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines Alone or in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy and safety of Wilms' tumor 1 helper peptide OCV-501 in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Trial
- Neoantigen cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors: opportunities and challenges.MedScience · 2026Review
- In silico design of the multi-epitope vaccine for lung adenocarcinoma based on hub gene-derived neoantigens.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Harnessing Vaccines in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Combined prostate cancer vaccine plus immune checkpoint inhibition synergizes to eliminate prostate cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Current Landscape of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Unlocking cancer vaccine potential: What are the key factors?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Peptide-stimulated T cells bypass immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and eliminate autologous microsatellite instable colorectal cancer cells.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Checkpoint inhibitor-expressing lentiviral vaccine suppresses tumor growth in preclinical cancer models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- A Cancer Nanovaccine for Co-Delivery of Peptide Neoantigens and Optimized Combinations of STING and TLR4 Agonists.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Article
- Neoantigen cancer vaccines: a new star on the horizon.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Review
- T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Unravelling the Function of Different T Cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Signatures of immune cell infiltration for predicting immune escape and immunotherapy in cervical cancer.Aging · 2023Article
- A multiscale mechanistic model of human dendritic cells forFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Resistance to immune checkpoint blockade: Mechanisms, counter-acting approaches, and future directions.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Intravenous administration of viral vectors expressing prostate cancer antigens enhances the magnitude and functionality of CD8+ T cell responses.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Vaccine Improvements: Current Status and New Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have proven to seldom induce dramatic clinical response when used alone, and therefore, they are being studied in combination with additional treatment modalities to achieve optimal treatment activities. Growing preclinical data show that combining vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can prime intensified immunogenicity and modulate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we focus on the safety and efficacy of approved and promising cancer vaccines alone or combined with ICIs in the treatment of several malignancies. Generally, the majority of clinical trials support the concept of synergy that combination therapy of vaccines and ICIs holds maximized potential to improve clinical outcomes. Importantly, the combination has acceptable safety and minimal additional toxicity compared with single-agent vaccines or ICIs. Additionally, the potential strategies of combining personalized tumor vaccines with ICIs will become priority option and future direction of vaccine development and application and the urgent need to develop effective biomarkers to screen appropriate patient populations and predict response to combination therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.