ReviewTrends in pharmacological sciences2019
The B7x Immune Checkpoint Pathway: From Discovery to Clinical Trial.
Review in Trends in pharmacological sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nuclear Medicine Tracers Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint B7x promotes immune evasion and resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in bladder cancer.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- MarkerScout: A Disease-Agnostic Machine Learning Framework for Biomarker Prediction from Multi-Scale Mechanistic Models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Peptide-mediated immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer: A comprehensive review.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Review
- Downregulation of B7-H4 contributes to the synergistic effect of USP2a-targeted/anti-PD-1 combination therapy in EGFR mutant lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Loss of E3 ligase Ube4A Disrupts Colon Homeostasis and Accelerates Experimental Colitis via Altered Lipid Handling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A novel TM4SF4-targeting therapeutic antibody candidate with antitumor activity by blocking IGF1R and CD44 signaling and downregulating PD-L1 and B7-H4.Theranostics · 2026Article
- B7-H4: a multifaceted immune checkpoint and oncoprotein in cancer biology and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical Significance of B7-H4 in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Myasthenia Gravis.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- The Abnormal Expression of B7-H4 Is Associated With the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Decoding the tumor immune microenvironment in lung squamous cell carcinoma: characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and future directions in immunotherapy.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- Review
- Palmitoylation prevents B7-H4 lysosomal degradation sustaining tumor immune evasion.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Advances of HDAC inhibitors in tumor therapy: potential applications through immune modulation.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- The impact of the tumor microenvironment on macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Unveiling the future of breast cancer therapy: Cutting-edge antibody-drug conjugate strategies and clinical outcomes.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2024Review
- Pancreatic Epithelial IL17/IL17RA Signaling Drives B7-H4 Expression to Promote Tumorigenesis.Cancer immunology research · 2024Article
- B7H4 Role in Solid Cancers: A Review of the Literature.Cancers · 2024Review
- The role of B7-H4 in ovarian cancer immunotherapy: current status, challenges, and perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- SIGLEC15, negatively correlated with PD-L1 in HCC, could induce CD8+ T cell apoptosis to promote immune evasion.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
B7x (B7 homolog x, also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and VTCN1) was discovered by ourselves and others in 2003 as the seventh member of the B7 family. It is an inhibitory immune checkpoint of great significance to human disease. Tissue-expressed B7x minimizes autoimmune and inflammatory responses. It is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, where it suppresses antitumor immunity. Further, B7x and PD-L1 tend to have mutually exclusive expression in cancer cells. Therapeutics targeting B7x are effective in animal models of cancers and autoimmune disorders, and early-phase clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy and safety of targeting B7x in human diseases. It took 15 years moving from the discovery of B7x to clinical trials. Further studies will be necessary to identify its receptors, reveal its physiological functions in organs, and combine therapies targeting B7x with other treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.