ArticleScientific reports2019
Effects of knocking out three anthocyanin modification genes on the blue pigmentation of gentian flowers.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering plant architecture in the ornamental species Eustoma grandiflorum by knockout of strigolactone biosynthesis.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- The principles of systems biology.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Mutagenesis and production of double-flowered gentians via regeneration from ion beam-irradiated leaves.Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Polyacylated Delphinidin Biosynthesis Catalysed by PhF3'5'H-PhBGLU12-PhSCPL2 Determines the Blue Pigmentation in Cineraria (Pericallis hybrida).Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Synthetic biology in plants.Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Application and development of CRISPR technology in the secondary metabolic pathway of the active ingredients of phytopharmaceuticals.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- CRISPR-Cas technology secures sustainability through its applications: a review in green biotechnology.3 Biotech · 2023Review
- Efficient double-flowered gentian plant production using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Anthocyanin metabolic engineering ofFrontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 System: A Potential Tool for Genetic Improvement in Floricultural Crops.Molecular biotechnology · 2022Review
- Isolation and Functional Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Gentian FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs regulate phase transitions: floral induction and endodormancy release.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Identification of Candidate Genes Responsible for Flower Colour Intensity inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Biochemical, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses Provide Insights Into Floral Bud Dormancy inFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes as Model Genes for Genome Editing in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- First genome edited poinsettias: targeted mutagenesis of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase using CRISPR/Cas9 results in a colour shift.Plant cell, tissue and organ culture · 2021Article
- Article
- Isolation and Functional Analysis of Genes Involved in Polyacylated Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in BlueFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genome editing by the CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to produce gene knockout lines in many plant species. We applied this system to analyze Japanese gentian plants that produce blue flowers because of the accumulation of a polyacylated anthocyanin, gentiodelphin. Mutant lines in which anthocyanin modification genes were knocked out were examined to assess the contribution of each gene to the blue pigmentation of flowers. The targeted genes encoded anthocyanin 5-O-glycosyltransferase (Gt5GT), anthocyanin 3'-O-glycosyltransferase (Gt3'GT), and anthocyanin 5/3'-aromatic acyltransferase (Gt5/3'AT). The Gt5GT knockout lines accumulated delphinidin 3G, whereas the Gt3'GT knockout lines accumulated delphinidin 3G-5CafG as the major flower pigment. Knocking out Gt5/3'AT resulted in the accumulation of delphinidin 3G-5G-3'G and delphinidin 3G-5G as the primary and secondary pigments, respectively. These results indicated the existence of two pathways mediating the modification of delphinidin 3G-5G in flowers, with one involving a glycosylation by 3'GT and the other involving an acylation by 5/3'AT. The Gt5GT, Gt3'GT, and Gt5/3'AT transformants produced pale red violet, dull pink, and pale mauve flowers, respectively, unlike the vivid blue flowers of wild-type plants. Thus, the glycosylation and subsequent acylation of the 3'-hydroxy group of the B-ring in delphinidin aglycone is essential for the development of blue gentian flowers.
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