Trial reportBMJ open2019
Can the Healthy Primary School of the Future offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic in young children? A Dutch quasi-experimental study.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Healthy Elementary School of the Future
Healthy Childcare Centre of the Future
Effectiveness of a School-Based Nutrition Education and Physical Activity Intervention for Overweight and Obese Children: the Health Promoting School (Hps) Model
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Community Guide Systematic Review: School Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Nutrition, Physical Activity, and New Technology Programs on Obesity Prevention in Primary Education: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Epidemiology, Predisposing Factors, Biomarkers, and Prevention Mechanism of Obesity: A Systematic Review.Journal of obesity · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Food for thought? The effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on children's educational outcomes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Effects of School-Based Health-Promoting Activities on Children's Health: A Pragmatic Real-World Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Which factors promote and prohibit successful implementation and normalization of a healthy school lunch program at primary schools in the Netherlands?Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2022Article
- A scoping review of systems approaches for increasing physical activity in populations.Health research policy and systems · 2022Article
- Battling the obesity epidemic with a school-based intervention: Long-term effects of a quasi-experimental study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Review
- "Mummy, Can I Join a Sports Club?" A Qualitative Study on the Impact of Health-Promoting Schools on Health Behaviours in the Home Setting.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on Children's Fruit and Vegetable Preferences, Familiarity and Intake.Nutrients · 2021Article
- BMI trajectories after primary school-based lifestyle intervention: Unravelling an uncertain future. A mixed methods study.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Lifetime cost-effectiveness and equity impacts of the Healthy Primary School of the Future initiative.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Effectiveness of school-based health promotion interventions prioritized by stakeholders from health and education sectors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Review
- Young Children's Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and 5-Year Change in BMI: Lessons Learned from the Timing of Consumption.Nutrients · 2020Article
- The Short-Term Value of the "Healthy Primary School of the Future" Initiative: A Social Return on Investment Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Unravelling the Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future: For Whom and Where Is It Effective?Nutrients · 2019Article
- The Moderating Role of the School Context on the Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSchools play an important role in promoting healthy behaviours in children and can offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic. The 'Healthy Primary School of the Future' (HPSF) aims to improve children's health and well-being by enhancing school health promotion. The current study aims to assess the effect of HPSF on children's body mass index (BMI) z-score after 1 and 2 years follow-up and to investigate whether HPSF has different effects within specific subgroups of children.
designA longitudinal quasi-experimental design.
settingFour intervention and four control schools participated; located in a low socioeconomic status region in the Netherlands.
participants1676 children (aged 4-12 years).
interventionsHPSF uses a contextual systems approach and includes health-promoting changes in the school. Central to HPSF is the provision of a daily healthy lunch and structured physical activity sessions each day. Two intervention schools implemented both changes (full HPSF), two intervention schools implemented only the physical activity change (partial HPSF).
main outcome measuresBMI z-score, determined by measurements of children's height and weight at baseline, after 1 and 2 years follow-up.
resultsThe intervention effect was significant after 1-year follow-up in the partial HPSF (standardised effect size (ES)=-0.05), not significant in the full HPSF (ES=-0.04). After 2 years follow-up, BMI z-score had significantly decreased in children of both the full HPSF (ES=-0.08) and the partial HPSF (ES=-0.07) compared with children of the control schools, whose mean BMI z-score increased from baseline to 2 years. None of the potential effect modifiers (gender, baseline study year, socioeconomic status and baseline weight status) were significant.
conclusionsHPSF was effective after 1 and 2 years follow-up in lowering children's BMI z-scores. No specific subgroups of children could be identified who benefitted more from the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02800616.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.