ArticleProgress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry2020
Longitudinal subtypes of disordered gambling in young adults identified using mixed modeling.
Article in Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Gambling on the Internet on Middle-Term and Long-Term Recovery from Gambling Disorder: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study.Journal of gambling studies · 2025Observational
- Recent advances in understanding how compulsivity is related to behavioural addictions over their timecourse.Current addiction reports · 2025Review
- A Novel, Expert-Endorsed, Neurocognitive Digital Assessment Tool for Addictive Disorders: Development and Validation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Gambling disorder in the UK: key research priorities and the urgent need for independent research funding.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2022Review
- An Exploratory Analysis of Predictors of Course in Older and Younger Adults with Pathological Gambling: A Non-Treatment Sample.Journal of gambling studies · 2021Article
- Discrete Roles for Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Gambling Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWhile many individuals gamble responsibly, some develop maladaptive symptoms of a gambling disorder. Gambling problems often first occur in young people, yet little is known about the longitudinal course of such symptoms and whether this course can be predicted. The aim of this study was to identify latent subtypes of disordered gambling based on symptom presentation and identify predictors of persisting gambling symptoms over time.
methods575 non-treatment seeking young adults (mean age [SD] = 22.3 [3.6] years; 376 (65.4%) male) were assessed at baseline and annually, over three years, using measures of gambling severity. Latent subtypes of gambling symptoms were identified using latent mixture modeling. Baseline differences were characterized using analysis of variance and binary logistic regression respectively.
resultsThree longitudinal phenotypes of disordered gambling were identified: high harm group (N = 5.6%) who had moderate-severe gambling disorder at baseline and remained symptomatic at follow-up; intermediate harm group (19.5%) who had problem gambling reducing over time; and low harm group (75.0%) who were essentially asymptomatic. Compared to the low harm group, the other two groups had worse baseline quality of life, elevated occurrence of other mental disorders and substance use, higher body mass indices, and higher impulsivity, compulsivity, and cognitive deficits. Approximately 5% of the total sample showed worsening of gambling symptoms over time, and this rate did not differ significantly between the groups.
conclusionsThree subtypes of disordered gambling were found, based on longitudinal symptom data. Even the intermediate gambling group had a profundity of psychopathological and untoward physical health associations. Our data indicate the need for large-scale international collaborations to identify predictors of clinical worsening in people who gamble, across the full range of baseline symptom severity from minimal to full endorsement of current diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder.
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