ArticleBMC psychiatry2019
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among adults living with HIV in rural Kilifi, Kenya.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometric Properties of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Socio-economic condition and lack of virological suppression among adults and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Observational
- Factors associated with self-reported diagnosis of depression in Kenya: insights from 2022 Demographic and Health Survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Depression Among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Integration of mental health and HIV service delivery in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of effectiveness.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of participatory video in lowering stigma against people with mental, neurological and substance use disorders in Kenya.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- The burden of non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- A qualitative inquiry of experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among people living with HIV on treatment in rural Kilifi, Kenya.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A Qualitative Exploration of Causes of Depression among Persons Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: Implications for Policy.Psychiatry journal · 2023Article
- Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Amathole District, South Africa.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Article
- Correlates of health-related quality of life in primary caregivers of perinatally HIV infected and HIV exposed uninfected adolescents at the Kenyan Coast.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2022Article
- Psychosocial and mental health challenges faced by emerging adults living with HIV and support systems aiding their positive coping: a qualitative study from the Kenyan coast.BMC public health · 2022Article
- [Association between depression and viral load in people on antiretroviral treatment followed at the Yaoundé Central Hospital in Cameroon].The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS in Ningbo, China: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of an adapted short version of the HIV stigma scale among perinatally HIV infected adolescents at the Kenyan coast.Global health research and policy · 2021Article
- Prevalence, risk and protective indicators of common mental disorders among young people living with HIV compared to their uninfected peers from the Kenyan coast: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Article
- Psychological Distress and Its Correlates among Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV in Northwest Ethiopia: Ordinal Logistic Regression Analyses.Infectious diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPublished research on depression among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) from Africa is increasing, but data from Kenya remains scarce. This cross-sectional study measured the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among PLWHA in rural Kilifi, on the Kenyan coast.
methodsBetween February and April 2018, we consecutively recruited and interviewed 450 adults living with HIV and on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a positive depression screen defined as PHQ-9 score ≥ 10. Measures of psychosocial, health, and treatment characteristics were also administered.
resultsThe overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.8% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 10.9, 17.3). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified current comorbid chronic illness (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 5.72, 95% CI: 2.28, 14.34; p < 0.001), cART regimen (aOR 6.93, 95%CI: 2.34, 20.49; p < 0.001), perceived HIV-related stigma (aOR 1.10, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.14, p < 0.001) and difficulties accessing HIV care and treatment services (aOR 2.37, 95%CI: 1.14, 4.91; p = 0.02) as correlates of depressive symptoms.
conclusionThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among adults living with HIV on the Kenyan coast is high. Those at high risk for elevated depressive symptoms (e.g., with comorbid chronic illnesses, on second-line cART, experiencing perceived HIV-stigma or with problems accessing HIV care) may benefit from early identification, treatment or referral, which requires integration of mental health programmes into HIV primary care.
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