ArticleEnvironment international2019
Joint impact of phthalate exposure and stressful life events in pregnancy on preterm birth.
Article in Environment international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal exposure to DEHTP replacement metabolites and odds of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in a diverse nulliparous U.S. cohort.Environmental advances · 2026Article
- Evaluating the mediating role of gestational phthalate and replacement biomarkers in the associations between race/ethnicity and birthweight.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Psychosocial stressors as modifiers of the associations between well-studied and understudied chemicals and birth outcomes in the ECHO Cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Early-life phthalate mixture exposure and reproductive hormone levels during minipuberty.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Does consumption of a high-fructose diet during pregnancy and lactation exacerbate the effects of maternal exposure to cadmium on development and metabolic function of mouse offspring?Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2026Article
- Association of maternal prenatal phthalate exposure and genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme genes with spontaneous preterm birth: a nested case-control study in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- EndoCompass Project: Environmental Endocrinology.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- Asking Why Is Necessary to Address Health Disparities: A Critical Approach for Solution-Oriented Environmental Epidemiological Research.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety as modifiers of the relationship between prenatal phthalate exposure and infant neurodevelopment in the Atlanta African American maternal-child cohort.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Association between pre- and postnatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes: an extensive review.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposure to persistent and non-persistent chemical mixtures and associations with adverse birth outcomes in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Evaluating Mixtures of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Serum Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Adolescent Hair Cortisol: The HOME Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and adverse birth outcomes in the USA: a prospective analysis of births and estimates of attributable burden and costs.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposures to phthalates and life events stressors in relation to child behavior at age 4-6: A combined cohort analysis.Environment international · 2024Article
- Environmental Toxicants and the Developing Brain.Biological psychiatry · 2023Review
- Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces transcriptomic changes in placental cells based on concentration, fetal sex, and trophoblast cell type.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and psychosocial stressors have a joint effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Associations between Phthalate Exposure and Gestational Age at Delivery in a Diverse Pregnancy Cohort.Toxics · 2022Article
- The Joint Effect of Perceived Psychosocial Stress and Phthalate Exposure on Hormonal Concentrations during the Early Stage of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Migration of Microplastics and Phthalates from Face Masks to Water.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUrinary phthalate metabolites and psychosocial stress in pregnancy have each been associated with preterm birth (PTB), but no study has examined the joint impact of these two environmental exposures. We hypothesized that there would be stronger associations between phthalate exposure and PTB in mothers with higher stress in pregnancy compared to mothers with lower stress.
methodsWe addressed this question using data from The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES), a prospective birth cohort conducted at four US sites (N = 783). We examined urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations measured in samples collected from up to three trimesters of pregnancy. Mothers reported their exposure to stressful life events (SLE) in each trimester in a questionnaire administered in the third trimester. PTB was defined as delivery before 37 weeks completed gestation (n = 71, 9.1%). We examined associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations (individual time points and on average) and PTB using logistic regression models adjusted for maternal race, age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education, specific gravity, and gestational age at sample collection. In addition, we created models stratified by whether or not mothers were exposed to any or no SLE in pregnancy.
resultsSummed di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (ΣDEHP) metabolites measured in urine samples from the third trimester, but not the first trimester, were associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of PTB (OR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 1.95). In models stratified by SLE, associations between third trimester ΣDEHP concentrations and PTB were significant only for women experiencing one or more SLE during pregnancy (OR for ΣDEHP: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.37) but not for women with no SLE during pregnancy (OR for ΣDEHP: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.63) (p for interaction = 0.07).
conclusionsWe observed an association between urinary ΣDEHP levels and PTB that was modified by whether a mother was exposed to one or more psychosocial stressors during pregnancy. Additional research to understand the joint impacts of chemical and non-chemical exposures, with an emphasis on timing of exposure, is needed in order to advance the state of the science on how the environment influences pregnancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.