ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2019
Zirconium as a suitable reference element for estimating potentially toxic element enrichment in treated wastewater discharge vicinity.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tracing spatial mid-size Eastern U.S. cities road dust pollution: insights from source apportionment and health risk assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- An in-depth human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in highly polluted riverine soils, Příbram (Czech Republic).Environmental geochemistry and health · 2022Article
- Comparison of Cubist models for soil organic carbon prediction via portable XRF measured data.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The suitability of a reference element or normalizer used in assessing soil contamination levels using enrichment factor (EF) is important for soil quality assessment and monitoring. This study evaluated the results of using three reference elements Ti, Fe, and Zr for EF determination of Rb and Sr in soils within treated wastewater discharge vicinity, Central Botswana. The upper continental crust (UCC), world average values (WAV), and the local background values (LBV) were used in EF assessment of eight pedons. The elemental concentrations of the soils were determined with portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyzer. Relationships between the elements were strongly significant between Rb and Ti (r = 0.600, p < 0.01), Rb and Fe (r = 0.735, p < 0.01), Sr and Ti (r = 0.545, p < 0.01), and Sr and Fe (r = 0.841, p < 0.01). Second-level correlation analysis between contamination factor (CF) and EF levels showed Zr as the best reference element for Rb and Sr in the soils. Results from this study provide baseline knowledge necessary for contamination assessment and monitoring of soils with similar environmental conditions.
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