ArticleIranian journal of parasitology
Evaluation of Morphine with Imiquimod as Opioid Growth Factor Receptor or Nalmefene as Opioid Blocking Drug on Leishmaniasis Caused by
Article in Iranian journal of parasitology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic Anti-Leishmanial Activities of Morphine and Imiquimod onJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Effect of Imiquimod on Tachyzoites ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Evaluating the Effects of Imiquimod on Paths of TLRs and Inflammatory Cytokines Signaling in Infected Macrophages withIranian journal of parasitologyArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn this research, the effect of morphine on promastigotes and amastigotes of
methodsThis study was conducted at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran in 2015-2018. Morphine with different concentration (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 1μg/ml) alone and with imiquimod (0.01, 0.1 and 1μg/ml) and nalmefene (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/ml) on promastigotes and amastigotes in macrophages and also the percentage of infected macrophages was investigated. For evaluation of the apoptosis, we used flow cytometry method. The effect of imiquimod and nalmefene on glucantime and amphotericin B as current drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis was evaluated too.
resultsThe effect of morphine on promastigotes and amastigotes has a reverse relationship with its concentration. The results of flow cytometry for drug-treated promastigotes revealed that apoptosis and necrosis did not increase markedly relative to the control group. A combination of morphine and imiquimod in concentrations of 0.05, 5 and 5 μg/ml had a pronounced effect on reduction and prevention of macrophage infection with amastigotes. Morphine at a concentration of 0.1 μg/ml plays the role of adjunctive treatment. In amastigote assay we found the better results in group that get glucantime 25 μg/ml+ imiquimod 0.5 μg/ml.
conclusionThis effect is strengthened with imiquimod and weakened with nalmefene. Using high dose morphine and nalmefene had reverse effects. They suppress immune system and had no controlling effect in macrophages amastigote infection and reduction of promastigotes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31673257PMC6815864W2975820616What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.