ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2019
Acute peripheral immune activation alters cytokine expression and glial activation in the early postnatal rat brain.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal inflammation and its association with asthma and obesity in late childhood among individuals born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- A reactogenic "placebo" and the ethics of informed consent in Gardasil HPV vaccine clinical trials: A case study from Denmark.The International journal of risk & safety in medicine · 2024Article
- Neonatal immune signatures differ by sex regardless of neurodevelopmental disorder status: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) alone reveals a sex by diagnosis interaction effect.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Review
- Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- A method for the selective depletion of microglia in the dorsal hippocampus in the juvenile rat brain.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Treatment during Pregnancy Alters Offspring Gut Microbiota in a Sex-Dependent Manner.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Hippocampal but Not Serum Cytokine Levels Are Altered by Traffic-Related Air Pollution in TgF344-AD and Wildtype Fischer 344 Rats in a Sex- and Age-Dependent Manner.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Maternal Immune Dysregulation and Autism-Understanding the Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and Autoantibodies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Targeting the Oxytocinergic System: A Possible Pharmacological Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammation Occurring in Different Chronic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Mechanistic Insight into the Effects of Curcumin on Neuroinflammation-Driven Chronic Pain.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- The influence of sex, genotype, and dose on serum and hippocampal cytokine levels in juvenile mice developmentally exposed to a human-relevant mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls.Current research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Genetic and epigenetic factors and early life inflammation as predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes.Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuroinflammation can modulate brain development; however, the influence of an acute peripheral immune challenge on neuroinflammatory responses in the early postnatal brain is not well characterized. To address this gap in knowledge, we evaluated the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immune responses to a mixed immune challenge in early postnatal rats of varying strains and sex.
methodsOn postnatal day 10 (P10), male and female Lewis and Brown Norway rats were injected intramuscularly with either a mix of bacterial and viral components in adjuvant, adjuvant-only, or saline. Immune responses were evaluated at 2 and 5 days post-challenge. Cytokine and chemokine levels were evaluated in serum and in multiple brain regions using a Luminex multiplex assay. Multi-factor ANOVAs were used to compare analyte levels across treatment groups within strain, sex, and day of sample collection. Numbers and activation status of astrocytes and microglia were also analyzed in the cortex and hippocampus by quantifying immunoreactivity for GFAP, IBA-1, and CD68 in fixed brain slices. Immunohistochemical data were analyzed using a mixed-model regression analysis.
resultsAcute peripheral immune challenge differentially altered cytokine and chemokine levels in the serum versus the brain. Within the brain, the cytokine and chemokine response varied between strains, sexes, and days post-challenge. Main findings included differences in T helper (Th) type cytokine responses in various brain regions, particularly the cortex, with respect to IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 levels. Additionally, peripheral immune challenge altered GFAP and IBA-1 immunoreactivity in the brain in a strain- and sex-dependent manner.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that genetic background and sex influence the CNS response to an acute peripheral immune challenge during early postnatal development. Additionally, these data reinforce that the developmental time point during which the challenge occurs has a distinct effect on the activation of CNS-resident cells.
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