ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Association of Typical Toxic Heavy Metals with Schizophrenia.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Beyond the Mind-Serum Trace Element Levels in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Lead (Pb) and the NMDA Receptor Hypofunction Hypothesis: A Comparative Review of Non-Essential Metal Exposures in Schizophrenia.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Developmental manganese exposure, but not concurrent lead, alters social processing selectively in male mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Emerging Neurobiological and Therapeutic Insights into Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Epidemiological analysis of schizophrenia and incarceration: A multi-center exploration of the criminalization of mental illness in the United States.Schizophrenia research · 2026Article
- Heavy metal concentrations and clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia related to cigarette smoking.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Schizophrenia as metabolic disease. What are the causes?Metabolic brain disease · 2023Review
- Article
- Early-life lead exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders.Current opinion in toxicology · 2021Article
- Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity.Toxics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals (THMs) are contaminants commonly found in the environment. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated their damage to the biological functions of the human being, their potential associations with the risk of developing schizophrenia remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the associations between four THMs (chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As)) in serum and the risk of schizophrenia. In total, 95 patients with schizophrenia (cases) and 95 normal subjects (controls) were recruited from Hebei Province, China. The serum concentrations of the 4 THMs were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A higher concentration of Pb was found significantly associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia (OR = 3.146; 95%CI: 1.238-7.994,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.