ArticlePloS one2019
Depression and anxiety among pregnant women living with HIV in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The epidemiology of maternal mental health in Africa: a systematic review.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation among perinatal women with HIV infection: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pregnancy with multiple high-risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Antenatal depression and its predictors among HIV positive women in Sub-Saharan Africa; a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Tools for screening maternal mental health conditions in primary care settings in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- HIV Infections and Food Insecurity Among Pregnant Women from Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of neurotoxicity symptoms among postpartum women on isoniazid preventive therapy and efavirenz-based treatment for HIV: an exploratory objective of the IMPAACT P1078 randomized trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The prevalence and factors associated with common mental health conditions among female sex workers in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Qualitative findings on the benefits of depression treatment for pregnant women living with HIV in Uganda.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Depressive and anxiety symptomatology among caregivers of children 0-3 years in Nairobi City County: Community-based prevalence study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Mapping Psychosocial Interventions for Mental Health and Well-Being Among Pregnant Women Living with HIV: A Scoping Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Structural brain differences in school-aged children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Development of a brief telehealth-delivered counseling intervention to reduce suicide risk and improve HIV care engagement in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.Evaluation and program planning · 2025Article
- Food insecurity and mental health outcomes among people with HIV in West Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Psychosocial experiences of pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in Ibadan, Oyo State.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Depression and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus-positive pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.AJOG global reports · 2025Review
- Major Factors Contributing to Positive and Negative Childbirth Experiences in Pregnant Women Living with HIV.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMental health disorders in pregnant women living with HIV are associated with poor maternal and child outcomes, and undermine the global goals of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). This study aimed to determine prevalence of depression and anxiety and identify factors associated with these common mental health disorders among HIV-infeced pregnant women in Tanzania.
methodsWe enrolled 200 pregnant women living with HIV from antenatal care clinics in the Kilimanjaro region. Women were eligible if they were in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and had been in PMTCT care for a minimum of one month. Data were collected via interviewer administered surveys. Participants self reported depression symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS) and anxiety symptoms (Brief Symptom Index, BSI). Multivariate logistic regression models examined factors associated with depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety.
results25.0% of women met screening criteria for depression (EPDS ≥10). Depression was significantly associated with being single (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.1-15.5), food insecurity (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.0-6.4), and HIV shame (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.3). 23.5% of participants met screening criteria for anxiety (BSI ≥1.01). Anxiety was associated with being single (aOR = 3.6, 95%CI = 1.1-11.1), HIV shame (aOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.1-1.2) and lifetime experience of violence (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0-5.1). 17.8% of the sample met screening criteria for both depression and anxiety. Comorbid depression and anxiety was associated with being single (aOR = 4.5, 95%CI = 1.0-19.1), HIV shame (aOR = 1.2, 95%CI = 1.1-1.3) and lifetime experience of violence (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2-9.6).
conclusionDepression and anxiety symptomatology was common in this sample of pregnant women living with HIV, with a sizable number screening positive for comorbid depression and anxiety. In order to successfully engage women in PMTCT care and support their well-being, strategies to screen for mental health disorders and support women with mental illnesses are needed.
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