Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31667781›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2020

Making sense of what exactly public health does: a typology of public health interventions.

Eric Litvak, Renée Dufour, Émilie Leblanc, David Kaiser, Sarah-Amélie Mercure, Cat Tuong Nguyen, Lynda Thibeault

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Making sense of recurrent boom and bust cycles in Canadian public health systems.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Building consensus on what to include in public health expenditures: A modified Delphi study in Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Development of a classification of common interventions to describe the work of local public health agencies.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Public health investments: neglect or wilful omission? Historical trends in Quebec and implications for Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Eric LitvakDirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 1M3, Canada. eric.litvak.ccsmtl@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-5078-3598
Renée DufourDirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 1M3, Canada.
Émilie LeblancDirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 1M3, Canada.
David KaiserDirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 1M3, Canada.
Sarah-Amélie MercureDirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 1M3, Canada.
Cat Tuong NguyenDirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 1M3, Canada.
Lynda ThibeaultDirection régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 1M3, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

settingMontréal.

interventionThe lack of common knowledge about what public health does is a hindrance to its recognition and capacity to act. Montréal's regional public health department set an explicit goal to clarify and better communicate its specific contributions when it developed its 2016-2021 action plan. This article briefly describes the efforts made to classify public health practice, introduces a typology of public health interventions and discusses its application and benefits. OUTCOMES: The typology that was developed defines 29 types of interventions grouped into four categories: direct action targeting the population; advocacy (persuading partners to take action); support (helping partners take action); collaboration (taking action with partners). The analysis of Montreal's most recent action plan, completely drafted in terms of the typology, provides an insightful characterization of public health practice. Globally, four out of five interventions target partners (indirect), with more than half falling within the support category. Other indirect interventions are divided almost equally between advocacy and collaboration. Following a rigorous planning process and enforcing the use of the typology also had a significant structuring effect on the organization and its teams and enabled greater synergy with partners from other sectors. IMPLICATIONS: Very few people are familiar with everything public health does, sometimes not even the responsible political decision-makers. This situation poses a threat to the survival of its prevention mission. The typology of public health interventions is an innovative tool that can be used to better inform the public and decision-makers.

Indexed as

Public HealthHealth PlanningHumansModels, OrganizationalPublic Health PracticeQuebecStakeholder ParticipationPlanningPublic health interventionsPublic health servicesTypology

Identifiers

PMID31667781
PMCPMC7046854

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.