ArticleHealth & justice2019
Hearing and justice: The link between hearing impairment in early childhood and youth offending in Aboriginal children living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia.
Article in Health & justice, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A workforce enhancement model for Australian remote community Primary Health Care services: implementation of a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial (SW-CRT).BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Stakeholder Perspectives on Ear and Hearing Health Service Provision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children.The Australian journal of rural health · 2026Article
- Association of vision impairment and hearing impairment with encounters in the criminal justice system among children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The disease burden of untreated chronic otitis media in Indigenous children from remote communities does not improve over time. A longitudinal study.ANZ journal of surgery · 2024Article
- Barriers Experienced by First Nations Deaf People in the Justice System.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2024Article
- An evaluation of the quality of ear health services for Aboriginal children living in remote Australia: a cascade of care analysis.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Gender Differences in the Maltreatment-Youth Offending Relationship: A Scoping Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Article
- Hearing loss among inmates of a juvenile correctional facility in Nigeria.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Opportunities for prevention: a data-linkage study to inform a public health response to youth offending in the Northern Territory, Australia.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- The link between hearing impairment and child maltreatment among Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory of Australia: is there an opportunity for a public health approach in child protection?BMC public health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh prevalence of chronic middle ear disease has persisted in Australian Aboriginal children, and the related hearing impairment (HI) has been implicated in a range of social outcomes. This study investigated the association between HI in early childhood and youth offending.
methodThis was a retrospective cohort study of 1533 Aboriginal children (born between 1996 and 2001) living in remote Northern Territory communities. The study used linked individual-level information from health, education, child protection and youth justice services. The outcome variable was a youth being "found guilty of an offence". The key explanatory variable, hearing impairment, was based on audiometric assessment. Other variables were: child maltreatment notifications, Year 7 school enrolment by mother, Year 7 school attendance and community 'fixed- effects'. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between HI and youth offending; and the Royston R
resultsThe proportion of hearing loss was high in children with records of offence (boys: 55.6%, girls: 36.7%) and those without (boys: 46.1%; girls: 49.0%). In univariate analysis, a higher risk of offending was found among boys with moderate or worse HI (HR: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.05-2.98]) and mild HI (HR: 1.54 [95% CI:1.06-2.23]). This association was attenuated in multivariable analysis (moderate HI, HR: 1.43 [95% CI:0.78-2.62]; mild HI, HR: 1.37 [95% CI: 0.83-2.26]). No evidence for an association was found in girls. HI contributed 3.2% and 6.5% of variation in offending among boys and girls respectively. Factors contributing greater variance included: community 'fixed-effects' (boys: 14.6%, girls: 36.5%), child maltreatment notification (boys: 14.2%, girls: 23.9%) and year 7 school attendance (boys: 7.9%; girls 12.1%). Enrolment by mother explained substantial variation for girls (25.4%) but not boys (0.2%).
conclusionThere was evidence, in univariate analysis, for an association between HI and youth offending for boys however this association was not evident after controlling for other factors. Our findings highlight a range of risk factors that underpin the pathway to youth-offending, demonstrating the urgent need for interagency collaboration to meet the complex needs of vulnerable children in the Northern Territory.
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