ArticleJournal of neurology2020
Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis in a real-world single-centre setting.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Report: Value of MR relaxometry and spectroscopy in multimodal imaging characterization of limbic encephalitis in systemic sclerosis.Frontiers in radiology · 2026Article
- Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Prognostic factors of subacute comprehensive encephalitis: a retrospective study.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- A case report of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a 23-year-old female with acute psychiatric symptoms.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Mimickers of autoimmune encephalitis: a literature review.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Review
- Acute pediatric encephalitis: etiology, course, and outcome of a 12-year single-center immunocompetent cohort.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Spatial and Ecological Factors Modulate the Incidence of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis-A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Evaluation of CSF albumin quotient in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- Construction of an Assisted Model Based on Natural Language Processing for Automatic Early Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology and therapy · 2022Article
- Usefulness of brain FDG PET/CT imaging in pediatric patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis from a prospective study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2022Observational
- An MRI-based joint model of radiomics and spatial distribution differentiates autoimmune encephalitis from low-grade diffuse astrocytoma.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Novel qEEG Biomarker to Distinguish Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis From Other Types of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Recurrent anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis associated with thymus cancer.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Characteristics and Prognosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis in the East of China: A Multi-Center Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Late-Onset Seizures: When to Suspect and How to Treat.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcomes of Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis: A Multi-Center Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
- Impact of predictive, preventive and precision medicine strategies in epilepsy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2020Review
- Refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis successfully treated with bortezomib and associated movements disorders controlled with tramadol: a case report with literature review.Journal of neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly recognition and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are crucial for patients, but diagnosis is often difficult and time-consuming. For this purpose, a syndrome-based diagnostic approach was published by Graus et al. (Lancet Neurol 15:391-404, 2016), but very little is known in the literature about its application in clinical practice.
aimOur aims are to test the feasibility of such approach in a real-world single-centre setting and to analyse the most relevant factors in criteria fulfilment.
methodsWe retrospectively applied these criteria to our cohort of patients discharged from our hospital with diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (n = 33, 58% antibody-positive).
resultsAll the subjects fulfilled criteria for possible AE (pAE), with EEG and MRI playing a central role in diagnosis, while CSF was useful mainly to rule out other conditions. Three patients respected criteria for probable anti-NMDA-R encephalitis (pNMDA). Definite anti-NMDAR encephalitis was diagnosed in 4 patients with detection of the autoantibody but, surprisingly, none of these subjects had fulfilled criteria for pNMDA. 18 patients were diagnosed with definite limbic AE (15 patients were antibody-positive, three antibody-negative). Need for MRI bilateral involvement in antibody-negative limbic AE limited diagnosis. One patient fulfilled criteria for probable antibody-negative AE, while ten patients remained classified as pAE.
conclusionFrom our retrospective analysis, some suggestions for a better definition of the criteria may emerge. Larger studies on prospective cohorts may be more helpful to explore possible important issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.