ArticleBone research2019
Ankylosing spondylitis: etiology, pathogenesis, and treatments.
Article in Bone research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 480 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ankylosing spondylitis and the gut microbiome: future research hotspots and trends.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Surgical management and outcomes of ankylosing spondylitis fractures in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- An Overview of Adalimumab Therapy for Ankylosing Spondylitis.Current rheumatology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The harmful effect of ankylosing spondylitis on diabetes mellitus: new evidence from the Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Adverse events of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Serum DKK-1 level in ankylosing spondylitis: insights from meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Pooled it
- Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Ankylosing spondylitis risk factors: a systematic literature review.Clinical rheumatology · 2021Pooled it
- The effects of nanocurcumin on immune-related factors in the ankylosing spondylitis patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Molecular biology reports · 2025Trial
- Comparison of Yoga with exercise in ankylosing spondylitis on mobility and functional capacity.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of adalimumab biosimilar candidate (HS016) in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis based on a health survey: sub-analysis of a phase 3 study.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Trial
- Improved Performance of Compartments in Detecting the Activity of Axial Spondyloarthritis Based on IVIM DWI with Optimized ThresholdBioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in ankylosing spondylitis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- Transforming growth factor-β1 promotes initiation of entheseal pathological bone formation via osteonectin induction in ankylosing spondylitis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Differential Expression of Visfatin, Sirtuin-1, and Interleukin-18 in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Comparative Study of Etanercept-Treated versus Newly Diagnosed Patients.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- A Rare Association of Interstitial Lung Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report and Review of Early Detection and Multidisciplinary Management.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Receptor-Ligand Biomarker Profile in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Associations BetweenLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of Yoga on Spinal Mobility and Psychological Outcomes in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Prospective Non-randomized Controlled Study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Rehabilitation modalities in ankylosing spondylitis: orthopaedic perspectives on function, bone health, and surgical safety.Journal of orthopaedics · 2026Review
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a common type of spondyloarthropathy, is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects spine joints, causing severe, chronic pain; additionally, in more advanced cases, it can cause spine fusion. Significant progress in its pathophysiology and treatment has been achieved in the last decade. Immune cells and innate cytokines have been suggested to be crucial in the pathogenesis of AS, especially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‑B27 and the interleukin‑23/17 axis. However, the pathogenesis of AS remains unclear. The current study reviewed the etiology and pathogenesis of AS, including genome-wide association studies and cytokine pathways. This study also summarized the current pharmaceutical and surgical treatment with a discussion of future potential therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.