Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31666793›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics and biology insights2019

Pathway Analysis of Global Metabolomic Profiles Identified Enrichment of Caffeine, Energy, and Arginine Metabolism in Smokers but Not Moist Snuff Consumers.

Gang Liu, Douglas P Lee, Eckhardt Schmidt, G L Prasad

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics and biology insights, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Maternal Low-Fat and High-Fat Diet Decreases Survival and Alters Cytokine Signaling in Neonatal Mice With Staphylococcus epidermidis Sepsis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
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  15. Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Gac Leaf (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Gang LiuRAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-1797
Douglas P LeeOmic Insight, Durham, NC, USA.
Eckhardt SchmidtRAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
G L PrasadRAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Research Applications (United States) · USStrategic Insight (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Existing US epidemiological data demonstrate that consumption of smokeless tobacco, particularly moist snuff, is less harmful than cigarette smoking. However, the molecular and biochemical changes due to moist snuff consumption relative to smoking remain incompletely understood. We previously reported that smokers (SMK) exhibit elevated oxidative stress and inflammation relative to moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC), based on metabolomic profiling data of saliva, plasma, and urine from MSC, SMK, and NTC. In this study, we investigated the effects of tobacco consumption on additional metabolic pathways using pathway-based analysis tools. To this end, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis were performed through pair-wise comparisons of global metabolomic profiles of SMK, MSC, and NTC. The analyses identified >8 significantly perturbed metabolic pathways in SMK compared with NTC and MSC in all 3 matrices. Among these differentially enriched pathways, perturbations of caffeine metabolism, energy metabolism, and arginine metabolism were mostly observed. In comparison, fewer enriched metabolic pathways were identified in MSC compared with NTC (5 in plasma, none in urine and saliva). This is consistent with our transcriptomics profiling results that show no significant differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression between MSC and NTC. These findings, taken together with our previous biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis results, provide a better understanding of the relative changes in healthy tobacco consumers, and demonstrate that chronic cigarette smoking, relative to the use of smokeless tobacco, results in more pronounced biological changes, which could culminate in smoking-related diseases.

Indexed as

Biomarkermetabolomicsmoist snuffpathway analysissmoking

Identifiers

PMID31666793
PMCPMC6798164
OpenAlexW2980987430

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.