Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31666620›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2019

Evaluation of the dose-related concentration approach in therapeutic drug monitoring of diuretics and β-blockers - drug classes with low adherence in antihypertensive therapy.

Sabrina Ritscher, Milena Hoyer, Cora Wunder, Nicholas Obermüller, Stefan W Toennes

Abstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Metoprolol ImpairsThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sabrina RitscherInstitute of Legal Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. ritscher@med.uni-frankfurt.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-2692
Milena HoyerDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Cora WunderInstitute of Legal Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Nicholas ObermüllerDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Stefan W ToennesInstitute of Legal Medicine, Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-3201

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Detection of antihypertensive drugs in biological samples is an important tool to assess the adherence of hypertensive patients. Urine and serum/plasma screenings based on qualitative results may lead to misinterpretations regarding drugs with a prolonged detectability. The aim of the present study was to develop a method that can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antihypertensive drugs with focus on adherence assessment. Therefore, a method for quantification of four diuretics and four β-blockers using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis (LC-MS/MS) of combined acidic and basic serum extracts was developed and validated. The method was applied to 40 serum samples from 20 patients in a supervised medication setting (trough and peak serum samples). Literature data on therapeutic concentration ranges, as well as dose-related drug concentrations (calculated from data of pharmacokinetic studies) were used to evaluate adherence assessment criteria. Concentrations were measured for bisoprolol (n = 9 patients), metoprolol (n = 7), nebivolol (n = 1), canrenone (n = 2, metabolite of spironolactone), hydrochlorothiazide (n = 10) and torasemide (n = 8). The measured concentrations were within the therapeutic reference ranges, except for 24% of the samples (mainly β-blockers). In contrast, all measured concentrations were above the lower dose-related concentration (DRC), which appears superior in evaluating adherence. In conclusion, the quantitative analysis of antihypertensive drugs in serum samples and its evaluation on the basis of the individually calculated lower DRC is a promising tool to differentially assess adherence. This method could possibly detect a lack of adherence or other causes of insufficient therapy more reliably than qualitative methods.

Indexed as

Adrenergic beta-AntagonistsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntihypertensive AgentsDiureticsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug MonitoringFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient ComplianceAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAntihypertensive AgentsDiuretics

Identifiers

PMID31666620
PMCPMC6821771

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.