Observational studyBMJ open2019
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood to adulthood: a Swedish population-based naturalistic cohort study of adoptees from Eastern Europe.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Interventions to Improve Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes for Individuals with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Pooled it
- Talking to Your Patients About Alcohol, Marijuana, and Substance Use During Pregnancy.The primary care companion for CNS disorders · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk factors associated with suicidality in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Western Australia.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Pregnancy characteristics and outcomes among birthing individuals with a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Life outcomes in adults living with FASD in a rural South African community: A follow-up study.African journal of disability · 2024Article
- Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Article
- A systematic review: facial, dental and orthodontic findings and orofacial diagnostics in patients with FASD.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Autism under the umbrella of ESSENCE.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and access to regional center services in San Diego County.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Suicidality and Associated Factors Among Individuals Assessed for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan in Canada.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2022Article
- Deficits in attention, motor control and perception childhood to age 30 years: prospective case-control study of outcome predictors.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Caregivers' experiences and perceptions of suicidality among their children and youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Greater Manchester, UK: An active case ascertainment study.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) among Children Adopted from Eastern European Countries: Russia and Ukraine.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The FASD Eye Code: a complementary diagnostic tool in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Anthropometrics of Estonian children in relation to family disruption: Thrifty phenotype and Trivers-Willard effects.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a global health concern. To further understand FASD in adulthood is a major public health interest.
objectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics of young adults with FASD adopted from orphanages to a socially more favourable and stable rearing environment as children.
designProspective observational cohort study
settingWestern Sweden
participantsA population-based cohort of 37 adoptees diagnosed with FASD in childhood. OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessment consisted of clinical evaluations of social, medical, psychiatric, neuropsychological, adaptive and ophthalmological status by a physician, ophthalmologist, orthoptist and psychologist.
resultsOut of 37 adoptees with FASD, 36 (15 females) were evaluated at a median age of 22 years (range 18-28) and a mean follow-up time of 15.5 years (range 13-17). Twenty (56%) were dependent on social support. Sexual victimisation was reported by nine (26%). In 21 individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome, growth restriction in height and head circumference of approximately -1.8 SD persisted into adulthood. Of 32 examined, 22 (69%) had gross motor coordination abnormalities. High blood pressure was measured in nine (28%). Ophthalmological abnormalities were found in 29 of 30 (97%). A median IQ of 86 in childhood had declined significantly to 71 by adulthood (mean difference: 15.5; 95% CI 9.5-21.4). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 88%, most commonly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (70%). Three or more disorders were diagnosed in 48%, and 21% had attempted suicide. The median Clinical Global Impression-Severity score was 6 = 'severely ill'.
conclusionMajor cognitive impairments, psychiatric morbidity, facial dysmorphology, growth restriction and ophthalmological abnormalities accompanies FASD in adulthood. Recognition of FASD in childhood warrants habilitation across the lifespan.
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