ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
The Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program: Study Design and Methodology to Assess Disease Severity, Host Immunity, and Carriage Associated With Invasive Salmonellosis.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella co-infect and complicate Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under-five: A prospective cohort study on clinical presentation and outcome in Kisantu district hospital, DR Congo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Observational
- COVID-19 Surveillance in Madagascar and Urban Burkina Faso: Addressing Underreporting of Disease Burden Through Integrative Analysis of Diverse Data Streams.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
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- WHO preferred product characteristics for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccine for comprehensive protection against enteric fever- key considerations and research gaps.Gates open research · 2025Review
- Slow-growing Salmonella enterica serovariety Typhi mis-identified as serovariety Gallinarum in Ibadan, Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Unveiling a Comprehensive Multi-epitope Subunit Vaccine Strategy Against Salmonella subsp. enterica: Bridging Core, Subtractive Proteomics, and Immunoinformatics.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Incidence of typhoid fever in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria (the Severe Typhoid in Africa programme): a population-based study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Mapping the incidence rate of typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Taking on Typhoid: Eliminating Typhoid Fever as a Global Health Problem.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Characterization of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation in Africa: Results From the Severe Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Detection of Salmonella Typhi nucleic acid by RT-PCR and anti-HlyE, -CdtB, -PilL, and -Vi IgM by ELISA at sites in Ghana, Madagascar and Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Estimating typhoid incidence from community-based serosurveys: a multicohort study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Article
- Genomic characterization of invasive typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella in southwestern Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Facility-based disease surveillance and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate endemic typhoid fever incidence, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, 2007-2018.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Surge of Typhoid Intestinal Perforations as Possible Result of COVID-19-Associated Delays in Seeking Care, Madagascar.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- MDR and XDR typhoid fever-a threat for the current decade?The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Methodological Considerations for Cost of Illness Studies of Enteric Fever.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
44 authors at 17 institutions in 17 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInvasive salmonellosis is a common community-acquired bacteremia in persons residing in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a paucity of data on severe typhoid fever and its associated acute and chronic host immune response and carriage. The Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) program, a multicountry surveillance study, aimed to address these research gaps and contribute to the control and prevention of invasive salmonellosis.
methodsA prospective healthcare facility-based surveillance with active screening of enteric fever and clinically suspected severe typhoid fever with complications was performed using a standardized protocol across the study sites in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria. Defined inclusion criteria were used for screening of eligible patients for enrollment into the study. Enrolled patients with confirmed invasive salmonellosis by blood culture or patients with clinically suspected severe typhoid fever with perforation were eligible for clinical follow-up. Asymptomatic neighborhood controls and immediate household contacts of each case were enrolled as a comparison group to assess the level of Salmonella-specific antibodies and shedding patterns. Healthcare utilization surveys were performed to permit adjustment of incidence estimations. Postmortem questionnaires were conducted in medically underserved areas to assess death attributed to invasive Salmonella infections in selected sites.
resultsResearch data generated through SETA aimed to address scientific knowledge gaps concerning the severe typhoid fever and mortality, long-term host immune responses, and bacterial shedding and carriage associated with natural infection by invasive salmonellae.
conclusionsSETA supports public health policy on typhoid immunization strategy in Africa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.