ArticleNucleic acids research2019
A dynamic i-motif with a duplex stem-loop in the long terminal repeat promoter of the HIV-1 proviral genome modulates viral transcription.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cellular landscape of i-motifs: genomic insights, methodological challenges, and the road ahead.Genome biology · 2026Review
- High-throughput measurement and prediction of the i-motif DNA stability landscape.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into PCBP1-driven unfolding of selected i-motif DNA at GNature communications · 2026Article
- i-motifs: DNA structures with regulatory functions and therapeutic potential.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- The effect of prolonged G-quadruplex stabilization on the functions of human cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The iMab antibody selectively binds to intramolecular and intermolecular i-motif structures.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Asymmetric distribution of G-quadruplex forming sequences in genomes of retroviruses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Profiling of i-motif-binding proteins reveals functional roles of nucleolin in regulation of high-order DNA structures.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Decoding complexity in biomolecular recognition of DNA i-motifs with microarrays.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Genome-wide mapping of i-motifs reveals their association with transcription regulation in live human cells.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Shedding Light on the Photophysics and Photochemistry of I-Motifs Using Quantum Mechanical Calculations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Emerging roles of i-motif in gene expression and disease treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Fused in Liposarcoma Protein, a New Player in the Regulation of HIV-1 Transcription, Binds to Known and Newly Identified LTR G-Quadruplexes.ACS infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Genome-wide characterization of i-motifs and their potential roles in the stability and evolution of transposable elements in rice.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Remodeling the conformational dynamics of I-motif DNA by helicases in ATP-independent mode at acidic environment.iScience · 2022Article
- G4LDB 2.2: a database for discovering and studying G-quadruplex and i-Motif ligands.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Structure of i-Motif/Duplex Junctions at Neutral pH.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2021Article
- Analysis of putative quadruplex-forming sequences in fungal genomes: novel antifungal targets?Microbial genomics · 2021Article
- Parallel G-quadruplexes recruit the HSV-1 transcription factor ICP4 to promote viral transcription in herpes virus-infected human cells.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Potential G-quadruplexes and i-Motifs in the SARS-CoV-2.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
I-motifs are non-canonical nucleic acids structures characterized by intercalated H-bonds between hemi-protonated cytosines. Evidence on the involvement of i-motif structures in the regulation of cellular processes in human cells has been consistently growing in the recent years. However, i-motifs within non-human genomes have never been investigated. Here, we report the characterization of i-motifs within the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter of the HIV-1 proviral genome. Biophysical and biochemical analysis revealed formation of a predominant i-motif with an unprecedented loop composition. One-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance investigation demonstrated formation of three G-C H-bonds in the long loop, which likely improve the structure overall stability. Pull-down experiments combined with mass spectrometry and protein crosslinking analysis showed that the LTR i-motif is recognized by the cellular protein hnRNP K, which induced folding at physiological conditions. In addition, hnRNP K silencing resulted in an increased LTR promoter activity, confirming the ability of the protein to stabilize the i-motif-forming sequence, which in turn regulates the LTR-mediated HIV-1 transcription. These findings provide new insights into the complexity of the HIV-1 virus and lay the basis for innovative antiviral drug design, based on the possibility to selectively recognize and target the HIV-1 LTR i-motif.
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