Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31665201›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020

Should formula for infants provide arachidonic acid along with DHA? A position paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the Child Health Foundation.

Berthold Koletzko, Karin Bergmann, J Thomas Brenna, Philip C Calder, Cristina Campoy, M Tom Clandinin, John Colombo, Mandy Daly, Tamás Decsi, Hans Demmelmair and 16 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Maternal Diet Enrichment inCurrent developments in nutrition · 2026
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11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors at 18 institutions in 12 countries.

Berthold KoletzkoLudwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
Karin BergmannStiftung Kindergesundheit (Child Health Foundation), c/o Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
J Thomas BrennaDell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Chemistry, and Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Philip C CalderHuman Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Cristina CampoyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
M Tom ClandininDepartments of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science and of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
John ColomboDepartment of Psychology and Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Mandy DalyIrish Neonatal Health Alliance, Bray, Ireland.
Tamás DecsiDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Hans DemmelmairLudwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
Magnus DomellöfPediatrics Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Nataša FidlerMisDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Ines Gonzalez-CasanovaHubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Johannes B van GoudoeverAmsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Adamos HadjipanayisPediatric Department, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus.
Olle HernellPediatrics Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Alexandre LapillonneParis Descartes University, APHP Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
Silke MaderEuropean Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, Munich, Germany.
Camilia R MartinDepartment of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Valerie MatthäusEuropean Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, Munich, Germany.
Usha RamakrishanHubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Cornelius M SmutsCentre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Sean J J StrainNorthern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
Conny TanjungPantai Indah Kapuk Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Patrick TounianPediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Susan E CarlsonDepartment of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Emory University · USLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München · DEUmeå University · SEAmsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam · NLBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USCornell University · USEuropean University Cyprus · CYLjubljana University Medical Centre · SINational Health Service · GBNorth-West University · ZASorbonne Université · FRUniversidad de Granada · ESUniversité Paris Cité · FRUniversity of Alberta · CAUniversity of Kansas · USUniversity of Kansas Medical Center · USUniversity of Pecs · HUUniversity of Ulster · GB

Funding

The role of FADS genotype on prenatal DHA supplementation and child growth and developmentR03HD087606 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RAMAKRISHNAN, USHA · 2017 to 2018
$156k
NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD087606
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recently adopted regulatory standards on infant and follow-on formula for the European Union stipulate that from February 2020 onwards, all such products marketed in the European Union must contain 20-50 mg omega-3 DHA (22:6n-3) per 100 kcal, which is equivalent to about 0.5-1% of fatty acids (FAs) and thus higher than typically found in human milk and current infant formula products, without the need to also include ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6). This novel concept of infant formula composition has given rise to concern and controversy because there is no accountable evidence on its suitability and safety in healthy infants. Therefore, international experts in the field of infant nutrition were invited to review the state of scientific research on DHA and AA, and to discuss the questions arising from the new European regulatory standards. Based on the available information, we recommend that infant and follow-on formula should provide both DHA and AA. The DHA should equal at least the mean content in human milk globally (0.3% of FAs) but preferably reach 0.5% of FAs. Although optimal AA intake amounts remain to be defined, we strongly recommend that AA should be provided along with DHA. At amounts of DHA in infant formula up to ∼0.64%, AA contents should at least equal the DHA contents. Further well-designed clinical studies should evaluate the optimal intakes of DHA and AA in infants at different ages based on relevant outcomes.

Indexed as

Arachidonic AcidChild DevelopmentChild HealthDocosahexaenoic AcidsEuropean UnionFatty AcidsFood AdditivesHumansInfantInfant FormulaPediatricsArachidonic AcidDocosahexaenoic AcidsFatty AcidsFood Additivesbreast milk substitutesEuropean Commission Formula Delegated Act 2016/127food safetyinfant nutritionlong-chain PUFAs

Identifiers

PMID31665201
PMCPMC13639460
OpenAlexW2982371600

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.