Trial reportArthritis research & therapy2019
The impact of sex and disease classification on patient-reported outcome measures in axial spondyloarthritis: a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study.
Trial report in Arthritis research & therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Related Differences in Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in Axial Spondyloarthritis Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Arthritis care & research · 2025Pooled it
- Development and validation of a screening tool for SPondyloArthritis Screening in Sub-Saharan Africa: SpASSS questionnaire.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Pooled it
- Sex differences in clinical and imaging characteristics of axial juvenile spondyloarthritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Low Socioeconomic Status and Female Sex are Associated With Worse Functional Status in Axial Spondyloarthritis.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- The impact of gender and sex on diagnosis, treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Review
- Sexual dimorphism in the prevalence, manifestation and outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2022Review
- Australian Consensus Statements for the Assessment and Management of Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis.Rheumatology and therapy · 2022Article
- Electronic patient-reported outcome measures using mobile health technology in rheumatology: A scoping review.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the impact of sex and disease classification on outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients, including both radiographic (r-) axSpA and non-radiographic (nr-) axSpA, in males and females, respectively.
methodsAxSpA patients were consecutively recruited from two rheumatology outpatient university clinics. We explored how sex and axSpA disease classification affected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). General linear models were used to investigate if there was an association between the continuous variables and each of the main effects of interest (sex and axSpA classification), as well as the possible interaction between them. Categorical outcome measures were analyzed with the use of logistic regression with the same fixed effects. We analyzed the relationship between tender point count (TPC) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). The prevalence of extra-articular manifestations (EAMs) and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were determined.
resultsAccording to the protocol, a total of 100 outpatients with axSpA were enrolled (r-axSpA males 30, r-axSpA females 10, nr-axSpA males 25, nr-axSpA females 35). The BASDAI scores appeared higher among nr-axSpA females (median [Q
conclusionsIn summary, patients with r-axSpA, regardless of sex, appeared less affected on most PROMs compared with nr-axSpA patients. However, female sex was associated with a higher number of TPC. TPC could possibly confound disease activity outcomes such as BASDAI, and one can consider different thresholds for defining high disease activity depending on the patient's sex.
trial registrationThe trial is registered and approved by the Region of Southern Denmark's Ethics Committee ( S-20150219 ). Registered 19 February 2015.
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