ArticleVirologica Sinica2020
National Epidemiology and Evolutionary History of Four Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease-Related Enteroviruses in China from 2008 to 2016.
Article in Virologica Sinica, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The C-terminal T234 residue of VP3 is required for KREMEN1 receptor-dependent infectivity and pathogenesis of coxsackieviruses A10 and A8.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Global epidemiological and aetiological patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a country-level scoping synthesis.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Targeting the Myocardial Microenvironment: Novel Antiviral Strategies and Therapeutic Perspectives for Coxsackievirus B-Induced Myocarditis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of enterovirus A identified in pediatric patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease and herpangina in Linyi, China, 2023-2024, following the relaxation of COVID-19 policies.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mucosal Immunity: The Key to Combating Enteroviruses and Beyond.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Wastewater Surveillance of Enteroviruses Potentially Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nepal.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease reinfection in Southwest China, 2009-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of Coxsackievirus A2 isolated from hand, foot and mouth disease in eastern China.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 associated with hand-foot-mouth disease in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province from 2021 to 2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Genetic characterization of human enterovirus A71 genotypes C4 and B5 Circulating in Qingdao City, Shandong province, China, from 2023 to 2024.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- First Report of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Outbreak in the West Bank, Palestine: Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16).The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
- A screening study on the detection strain of Coxsackievirus A6: the key to evaluating neutralizing antibodies in vaccines.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Review
- A review of the recombination events, mechanisms and consequences of Coxsackievirus A6.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
- Leucoverdazyls as Novel Potent Inhibitors of Enterovirus Replication.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Rapid detection of four major HFMD-associated enteroviruses by multiplex HiFi-LAMP assays.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Epidemiological and etiological investigations of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiashan, northeastern Zhejiang Province, China, during 2016 to 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Trend of hand, foot and mouth disease before, during, and after China's COVID control policies in Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health concern in China. The most predominant enteroviruses that cause HFMD have traditionally been attributed to enterovirus A71 (EVA71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16). Since its first large outbreak in 2008, the dominant HFMD pathogens are constantly changing. In 2013 and 2015, CVA6 exceeded both EVA71 and CVA16 to become the leading cause of HFMD in some provinces. However, there still lacks a comprehensive overview on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of HFMD-related enteroviruses at the national level. In this study, we performed systematic epidemiological analyses of HFMD-related enteroviruses using the data of 64 published papers that met the inclusion criteria, and conducted phylogenetic analyses based on 12,080 partial VP1 sequences identified in China before 31st June 2018. We found that EVA71 prevalence has decreased sharply but other enteroviruses have increased rapidly from 2008 to 2016 and that one subtype of each enterovirus is represented during the epidemic. In addition, four genotypes EVA71_C4, CVA16_B1, CVA6_D and CVA10_C are the most predominant enterovirus strains and collectively they cause over 90% of all HFMD cases in China according to the phylogenetic trees using representative partial VP1 sequences. These four major enterovirus genotypes have different geographical distributions, and they may co-circulate with other genotypes and serotypes. These results suggest that more molecular epidemiological studies should be performed on several enteroviruses simultaneously, and such information should have implications for virological surveillance, disease management, vaccine development and policy-making on the prevention and control of HFMD.
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