ArticleChronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2019
Endocannabinoid System Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Developmental and Accumulative Effects of Trauma.
Article in Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine concentrations in hair of female patients with posttraumatic stress disorder - associations with clinical symptoms and outcomes following multimodal trauma-focused inpatient treatment.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Neurobiology of Pet Loss Grief: A Review from a One Health Perspective.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Relationships among peri-traumatic circulating endocannabinoids and long-term, negative outcomes following traumatic injury.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cannabis use frequency is associated with emotion dysregulation among persons receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: A psychophysiological study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Understanding the Role of Endocannabinoids in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Availability in Individuals with a History of Childhood Trauma: A Positron Emission Tomography Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide: A Multifunctional Molecule for Neuroprotection, Chronic Pain, and Immune Modulation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis with Plant-Derived Essential Oils: Phytocannabinoids and Beyond.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Stress-induced changes in the molecular processes underlying fear memories: implications for PTSD and relevant animal models.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Impaired mnemonic pattern separation associated with PTSD symptoms paradoxically improves with regular cannabis use.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Does Trauma Change the Way Individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Deal with Positive Stimuli?Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Dysregulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system following opioid exposure.Psychiatry research · 2023Review
- Longitudinal course of endocannabinoids andPsychological medicine · 2023Article
- Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms - examining associations with hair endocannabinoid concentrations during pregnancy and lifetime trauma.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Endocannabinoid signaling and epigenetics modifications in the neurobiology of stress-related disorders.Neuronal signaling · 2023Review
- To Predict, Prevent, and Manage Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Regular cannabis use is associated with history of childhood and lifetime trauma in a non-clinical community sample.Journal of psychiatric research · 2023Article
- The challenging journey from trauma to post-traumatic growth: Lived experiences of facilitating and hindering factors.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences · 2022Article
- Cannabidiol and the corticoraphe circuit in post-traumatic stress disorder.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The role of the endocannabinoid system in stress-related psychiatric symptoms has been investigated in many animal and human studies. Although most of these studies consistently report long-lasting effects of prolonged stress and trauma on the endocannabinoid system, the nature and direction of these changes are controversial. We reviewed the available preclinical and clinical studies investigating the endocannabinoid system alterations long after chronic stress and trauma. We propose that the effects of prolonged stress or trauma on the endocannabinoid system are different based on the developmental age of subjects at the time of experiencing the trauma and its repetitiveness and accumulative effects. The current literature consistently demonstrates decreased levels of endocannabinoid ligands and receptors if the trauma occurs in childhood, whereas decreased levels of endocannabinoid ligands and increased levels of cannabinoid receptors are reported when trauma has happened in adulthood. It is important to note that these changes are region-specific in the brain and also there are important sex differences, which are beyond the scope of this review.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.