ArticlePeerJ2019
Effects on developmental outcomes after cesarean birth versus vaginal birth in Chinese children aged 1-59 months: a cross-sectional community-based survey.
Article in PeerJ, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early childhood development and parental training interventions in rural China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Urban-rural heterogeneity in the association of indoor air pollution exposure with early childhood development among children aged 0-5 years in a Chinese plateau area.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cesarean delivery on child health and development in Japanese nationwide birth cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neurodevelopment of Children Born with Forceps Delivery-A Single Tertiary Clinic Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- A predictive model for stunting among children under the age of three.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Impact of parent-child separation on children's social-emotional development: a cross-sectional study of left-behind children in poor rural areas of China.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Early Environmental and Biological Influences on Preschool Motor Skills: Implications for Early Childhood Care and Education.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- The Impact of Cesarean and Vaginal Delivery on Results of Psychological Cognitive Test in 5 Year Old Children.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIt is controversial whether the mode of delivery is associated with developmental outcome, and little was known about growth and development of cesarean children in poor rural areas in China. We aim to measure the development of both cesarean and vaginal-delivered children by Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) and explore the association between mode of delivery and developmental outcome in poor rural areas in China.
methodsData were collected from a cross-sectional community-based survey, which recruited 1,755 vaginal delivered and cesarean children ages 1 to 59 months in eight counties of China. Caregivers of those children completed the Chinese version of ASQ-3 (ASQ-C) while physical examination andquestionnaires on socio-demographic and neonatal characteristics were conducted. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to measure the association between developmental delay and mode of delivery as well as each socio-demographic factor, respectively, after adjusting other socio-demographic characteristics.
resultsThe prevalence of suspected overall developmental delay was 23.4% in the cesarean group, compared with 21.3% in the vaginal delivered group, yet without statistical difference (
conclusionsOur findings suggest that cesarean delivery does not increase or decrease the risk of suspected developmental in children delay as compared with vaginal delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.