Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31660252›Full record

ArticleJournal of systems and integrative neuroscience2018

The benefits of genetic addiction risk score (GARS™) and pro-dopamine regulation in combating suicide in the American Indian population.

Kenneth Blum, David Siwicki, David Baron, Edward J Modestino, Rajendra D Badgaiyan

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome Questionnaire (RDSQ-29).Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kenneth BlumWestern University Health Sciences Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
David SiwickiDepartment of Precision Behavioral Management, Geneus Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
David BaronWestern University Health Sciences Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
Edward J ModestinoDepartment of Precision Behavioral Management, Geneus Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Rajendra D BadgaiyanDepartment of Precision Behavioral Management, Geneus Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Christus Health · USWright State University · US

Funding

Dopamine Neurotransmission in Tourette SyndromeR01NS073884 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2012 to 2016
$2.2M
Detection of Dopamine Release During a Cognitive TaskR21MH073624 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2005 to 2006
$368k
A Systematic Medical Approach to Reward Transformation (SMART) for Brain Health in Opioid Use DisorderR41MD012318 · NIMHD · VERSA INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS, INC. · PI BLUM, KENNETH, GONDRE-LEWIS, MARJORIE C · 2017 to 2017
$221k
Dopamine Neurotransmission in AddictionI01CX000479 · VA · VA WESTERN NEW YORK HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2013 to 2014
–
CSRD VA I01 CX000479NIMHD NIH HHS R41 MD012318NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH073624NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS073884
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is well-known that Native Americans (NA) clinically present with a very high rate of alcoholism and other drugs of abuse. It is also known that NA also display a very high rate of suicide compared to other ethnic groups. Furthermore, individuals with various psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression) also have higher rates of suicide that are frequently alcohol related. Males are as much as four times more likely to die from suicide than females. Studies comparing Native to other populations within the same geographic regions in North America divulged, almost universally, that alcohol involvement is higher among Native suicides than among the local, non-Native people. Unfortunately, suicide is the eighth leading cause of death in the U.S. and is the third cause of death in those ages 15-24. With these disappointing statistics, we are hereby proposing that because of such a high genetic risk as supported by the work of Barr and Kidd showing that NA carriers the DRD2 A1 allele at the rate of 86%, compared to a highly screened reward deficiency free control of only 3%. It seems reasonable that early identification, especially in children, be tested with the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) and concomitantly be offered the precision pro-dopamine regulator (KB220PAM), one that matches their unique brain polymorphisms involving serotonergic, endorphinergic, glutaminergic, gabaergic and dopaminergic pathways among others. We believe that using the Precision Addiction Management (PAM) platform at an early age may be prophylactic, while in adults PAM may reduce substance craving affecting tertiary treatment and even relapse and mortality prevention.

Indexed as

AlcoholismAmerican IndiansBrain Reward CircuitryDopamineGenetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS)Pro-dopamine regulation

Identifiers

PMID31660252
PMCPMC6816273
OpenAlexW2985604260

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.