ReviewJournal of molecular evolution2020
Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria: Mechanisms, Evolution, and Persistence.
Review in Journal of molecular evolution, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 356 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
356 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Wild birds as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Local anesthetics as a tool for Staphylococcus spp. control: a systematic review.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Older Adults and Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Pooled it
- Synergistic antibacterial activity and mechanism of arginine combined with florfenicol againstVirulence · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- IMD-0354 optimization generates potent colistin adjuvants with in vivo activity and reduced eukaryotic toxicity.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Rhenium tricarbonyl coumarin complexes as promising anti-MRSA candidates targeting bacterial biofilms and systemic infection, with reduced resistance development.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Microbiological safety and antimicrobial resistance in cashew-based plant-based cheese analogues.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Strategies in the Era of Resistance: It Is Too Early to Give Up Antibiotic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Selective context, rather than persister cycling alone, drives resistance fixation in Escherichia coli.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Reimagining antimicrobial resistance: AI-driven predictive epidemiology and the C-AMRE framework for next-generation antibiotic discovery.The Journal of antibiotics · 2026Review
- Dual-Action Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles: Innate Immune Activation and Silver Nanocluster-Mediated Targeting of Intracellular Bacteria.ACS nano medicine · 2026Article
- Bayesian network model for identification of factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU: retrospective cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Silver-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes as emerging strategies against antimicrobial resistance.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- An Integrated Computational and Biophysical Approach for Investigating the Structure-Function Impact of blaOXA-58 Mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Hit-to-Lead Optimization of Energy-Coupling Factor (ECF) Transporter Inhibitors as Novel Antibiotic.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- The Impact of Vaginal Bacteria and Antimicrobial Treatment on Pregnancy Outcomes in Healthy Breeding Bitches.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Recent advances in piperazine derivatives as antibacterial agents: a comprehensive review (2020-2024).Molecular diversity · 2026Review
296 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen antimicrobial resistance rapidly emerge at a global scale and spread from one country to the other faster than previously thought. Superbugs and multidrug-resistant bacteria are endemic in many parts of the world. There is no question that the widespread use, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobials during the last 80 years have been associated with the explosion of antimicrobial resistance. On the other hand, the molecular pathways behind the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria were present since ancient times. Some of these mechanisms are the ancestors of current resistance determinants. Evidently, there are plenty of putative resistance genes in the environment, however, we cannot yet predict which ones would be able to be expressed as phenotypes in pathogenic bacteria and cause clinical disease. In addition, in the presence of inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in natural habitats, one could assume that novel resistance mechanisms will arise against antimicrobial compounds. This review presents an overview of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and describes how these have evolved and how they continue to emerge. As antimicrobial strategies able to bypass the development of resistance are urgently needed, a better understanding of the critical factors that contribute to the persistence and spread of antimicrobial resistance may yield innovative perspectives on the design of such new therapeutic targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31659373What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.