ArticleJournal of human hypertension2020
Assessment and validation of spot urine in estimating the 24-h urinary sodium, potassium, and sodium/potassium ratio in Chinese adults.
Article in Journal of human hypertension, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of three prediction formulas of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of salt substitute on cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Sodium Intake Monitoring Smartphone Application (NamakBan) on Clinical Outcomes of Patients Diagnosed With Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nursing open · 2026Trial
- Simple methods for estimating the maximum 24-hour urinary potassium excretion in kidney failure without replacement therapy patients.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Article
- Is a spot urine sample a good substitution to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a population ≥ 50 years old? A validation study.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Etiological Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy for Hypertension: A Hypothesis of the REASOH Classification.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- A Method for Estimating 24 h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion by Spot Urine Specimen in Stroke Patients.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Validation of 4 Estimating Methods to Evaluate 24-h Urinary Sodium Excretion: Summer and Winter Seasons for College Students in China.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Effects of Within-Person Variability in Spot Urinary Sodium Measurements on Associations With Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Assessment and validation of three spot urine assay methods for the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese Tibetan adults living in the mountains.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Article
- Estimation of Sodium and Potassium Intake: Current Limitations and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Estimating 24-Hour Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples in Chinese Adults: Can Spot Urine Substitute 24-Hour Urine Samples?Nutrients · 2020Article
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9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
The commonly used methods of estimating the 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) and urinary potassium (UK) from spot urine (SU) are the Kawasaki method (K-method), INTERSALT method (I-method), and Tanaka method (T-method), but the method that is suitable for use in the general Chinese population is still uncertain. We aimed to assess and validate these methods in estimating the 24-h UNa and UK using SU samples in Chinese adults. We studied 1428 individuals aged 18-69 years using SU and 24-h urine samples. For the K-method, I-method, and T-method, the Pearson correlation coefficients of the 24-h UNa were 0.35, 0.35, and 0.33 (all p < 0.01), and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.34, 0.26, and 0.26 (all p < 0.01), respectively. The estimated 24-h UK using the K-method and T-method had correlation coefficients of 0.36 and 0.39 (all p < 0.01) and ICCs of 0.31 and 0.27 (all p < 0.01). The mean bias for the K-method in estimating the 24-h UNa and UK were the least biased among these methods. The bias between the 24-h urine Na/K ratio and the spot urinary Na/K ratio by the Bland-Altman method was -0.22. These methods for estimating the 24-h UNa and UK from SU were inadequate at the population level in Zhejiang Province, although the K-method showed the least bias among these methods. The spot urine Na/K ratio may be a useful and alternative method for 24-h urine collection for the estimation of the urinary Na/K ratio in the Chinese population.
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