ReviewCurrent diabetes reviews2020
Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System.
Review in Current diabetes reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 760 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
760 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and risk factors for postoperative vascular crisis in patients with oral and maxillofacial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Association of Chronic Hyperglycemia and Glycemic Variability with Mortality in COVID-19: Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Necrotising Fasciitis in Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Mortality-Associated Clinical Factors.International wound journal · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus versus Normoglycemia Identified through High-Throughput Proteomics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of proteome research · 2026Pooled it
- Association between diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune dysregulation in tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity: mechanistic and translational insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic use of highly concentrated COPeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of risk prediction models for catheter-associated urinary tract infection.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- COVID-19 in comorbid chronic diseased patients, pregnant and lactating women: pathophysiology, available drug treatment, and the most suitable protocol regimen in each group.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between type-2 diabetes and Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Folia parasitologica · 2025Pooled it
- Vaccination of people with solid tumors and diabetes: existing evidence and recommendations. A position statement from a multidisciplinary panel of scientific societies.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Guideline
- The impact of diabetes on postoperative outcomes following hysterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Adult vaccination coverage and missed preventive care opportunities among Filipino adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Targeted activation of PPARG or AKT1 alleviates liver injury in mice with type 2 diabetes and sepsis by modulating inflammatory and metabolic pathways.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Immune Consequences of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Treatment: A Cytokine Perspective.Immunology · 2026Article
- Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy and Impaired Inflammatory Reflex.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Body mass index and type 2 diabetes liability in osteomyelitis and cellulitis: A cross-biobank Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory signalling in diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Abnormally low expression of tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in obese type 2 diabetic mice contributes to altered inflammation and delayed cutaneous wound healing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association between peripheral blood biomarkers and diabetic macular edema.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
700 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionType 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide. This metabolic disease is indicated by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production by the pancreas. An inflammatory response occurs as a result of the immune response to high blood glucose levels as well as the presence of inflammatory mediators produced by adipocytes and macrophages in fat tissue. This low and chronic inflammation damages the pancreatic beta cells and leads to insufficient insulin production, which results in hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in diabetes is thought to cause dysfunction of the immune response, which fails to control the spread of invading pathogens in diabetic subjects. Therefore, diabetic subjects are known to more susceptible to infections. The increased prevalence of T2D will increase the incidence of infectious diseases and related comorbidities.
objectiveThis review provides an overview of the immunological aspect of T2D and the possible mechanisms that result in increased infections in diabetics.
conclusionA better understanding of how immune dysfunctions occur during hyperglycemia can lead to novel treatments and preventions for infectious diseases and T2D comorbidities, thus improving the outcome of infectious disease treatment in T2D patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.