SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2020
Experimental manipulations of behavioral economic demand for addictive commodities: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 65 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Twenty-five years of simulated demand: A bibliometric and systematic review of hypothetical drug purchase tasks.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Acupuncture-related therapies for drug addiction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Changes in alcohol use during COVID-19 and associations with contextual and individual difference variables: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Pooled it
- Concurrent validity of the Alcohol Purchase Task for measuring the reinforcing efficacy of alcohol: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Pooled it
- The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data.Psychological bulletinPooled it
- How people decide to consume (more) alcohol when feeling stressed.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- The Blinded-Dose Purchase Task: assessing hypothetical demand based on cocaine, methamphetamine, and alcohol administration.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Effects of episodic future thinking on reinforcement pathology during smoking cessation treatment among individuals with substance use disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Gimmie the Gummies: Initial validation of the Edibles Marijuana Purchase Task.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Hypothetical food purchase tasks and eating behavior: A systematized review and future directions.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Review
- Article
- Probability of fentanyl adulteration in cocaine selectively decreases cocaine demand.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Effects of visual exposure to natural (vs. Built) environments on delay discounting and demand for substances: Preliminary evidence and future directions.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Association of behavioral economic demand for kratom with DSM-5 use disorder: quantity and likelihood-based demand approaches.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Using behavioral economics to understand reinforcement mechanisms of loss-of-control eating: An ecological momentary assessment approach.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Stress and episodic future thinking: Effects on temporal window and alcohol demand.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Overviewing the exponential model of demand and introducing a simplification that solves issues of span, scale, and zeros.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Using prospective mixed methods to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cannabis demand.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2025Article
- Reward deprivation is associated with elevated alcohol demand in emerging adults.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2025Article
- Acute Stress Effect on Delay Discounting and Cannabis Demand Among Individuals Endorsing High-Frequency Cannabis Use.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsReinforcing value, an index of motivation for a drug, is commonly measured using behavioral economic purchase tasks. State-oriented purchase tasks are sensitive to phasic manipulations, but with heterogeneous methods and findings. The aim of this meta-analysis was to characterize the literature examining manipulations of reinforcing value, as measured by purchase tasks and multiple-choice procedures, to inform etiological models and treatment approaches
methodsA random-effects meta-analysis of published findings in peer-reviewed articles. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, studies were gathered through searches in PsycINFO and PubMed/MEDLINE (published 22 May 2018). Searches returned 34 unique studies (aggregate sample n = 2402; average sample size = 68.94) yielding 126 effect sizes. Measurements included change (i.e. Cohen's d) in six behavioral economic indices (intensity, breakpoint, O
resultsCue exposure (d range = 0.25-0.44, all Ps < 0.05) and reinforcer magnitude [d = 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18, 1.01; P < 0.005] manipulations resulted in significant increases in behavioral economic demand across studies. Stress/negative affect manipulations also resulted in a small, significant increase in O
conclusionsIn behavioral economic studies, purchase tasks and multiple-choice procedures appear to provide indices that are sensitive to manipulations found to influence motivation to consume addictive substances in field experiments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.