ReviewJournal of neurology2021
The autoantibody-mediated encephalitides: from clinical observations to molecular pathogenesis.
Review in Journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relapse predictors and brain atrophy in antibody-positive and antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Predictors of return to work status among patients with autoimmune encephalitis at one year post-discharge: a prospective observational study.BMC neurology · 2025Observational
- Autoimmune Encephalitis with Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies and Other Suspected Cases of Autoimmune Etiology: A Single-Center Experience in Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Indications and Diagnostic Yield of Paraneoplastic and Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibody Testing: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Multimodal prognostication of autoimmune encephalitis: an Australian autoimmune encephalitis consortium study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Toward curing neurological autoimmune disorders: Biomarkers, immunological mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.Neuron · 2025Review
- Rare mixed dementia: A case report.World journal of radiology · 2025Article
- Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy: Pathogenesis of Intellectual Disability Beyond Channelopathies.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Metabolic Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Preliminary Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Anti-LGI-1 Limbic Encephalitis and Autoimmune Epilepsy Following a Third Dose of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.The Neurohospitalist · 2024Article
- Distinct plasma metabolomic signatures differentiate autoimmune encephalitis from drug-resistant epilepsy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Criminality in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: A case series.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Mapping the global research landscape and trends of autoimmune encephalitis: A bibliometric analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Movement disorders in autoimmune encephalitis: an update.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies: Anti-NMDAR, Anti-AMPAR, Anti-GQ1b, Anti-DPPX, Anti-CASPR2, Anti-LGI1, Anti-RI, Anti-Yo, Anti-Hu, Anti-CV2 and Anti-GABAAR, in the Course of Psychoses, Neoplastic Diseases, and Paraneoplastic Syndromes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Comparison of quantitative FDG-PET and MRI in anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis.Neuroradiology · 2023Article
- Imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in audiogenic seizure-susceptible LHeliyon · 2023Article
- Integrating host transcriptomic signatures for distinguishing autoimmune encephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic sequencing.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The autoimmune encephalitis (AE) syndromes have been characterised by the detection of autoantibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid which target the extracellular domains of specific neuroglial antigens. The clinical syndromes have phenotypes which are often highly characteristic of their associated antigen-specific autoantibody. For example, the constellation of psychiatric features and the multi-faceted movement disorder observed in patients with NMDAR antibodies are highly distinctive, as are the faciobrachial dystonic seizures observed in close association with LGI1 antibodies. These typically tight correlations may be conferred by the presence of autoantibodies which can directly access and modulate their antigens in vivo. AE remains an under-recognised clinical syndrome but one where early and accurate detection is critical as prompt initiation of immunotherapy is closely associated with improved outcomes. In this review of a rapidly emerging field, we outline molecular observations with translational value. We focus on contemporary methodologies of autoantibody detection, the evolution and distinctive nature of the clinical phenotypes, generalisable therapeutic paradigms, and finally discuss the likely mechanisms of autoimmunity in these patients which may inform future precision therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.